Detta (Timiș County)

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Deta
Detta
Coat of arms of Detta (Timiș County)
Detta (Timiș County) (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Coordinates : 45 ° 24 '  N , 21 ° 14'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 23 '34 "  N , 21 ° 13' 33"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 80  m
Area : 33.81  km²
Residents : 6,260 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 185 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 305200
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : city
Structure : Deta, Opatița
Mayor : Petru Roman ( PNL )
Postal address : St. Victoriei, no. 32
loc. Deta, jud. Timiș, RO-305200
Website :

Detta ( Romanian Deta ) is a city in Timiș County , Banat , Romania .

Geographical location

Location of Detta in Timiș County

The city is located about 40 km south of Timișoara and 20 km from the Serbian border and has 6575 inhabitants ( as of 2011 ).

Neighboring places

Ghilad Jebel Gătaia
Banloc Neighboring communities Bocșa
Plandist Denta Jamu Mare

history

The first written mention comes from the year 1360 and refers to the property of the nobleman Peter von Deed . The place was named after him. After the Peace of Passarowitz on July 21, 1718, after 164 years of Turkish rule, the Banat was attached to the Habsburg Monarchy and, as the imperial crown and chamber domain, was subordinated to the Vienna government. The Habsburg colonization of the Banat began with the so-called Swabian trains . 1720–1721 the place was settled with Germans from Bavaria and Alsace-Lorraine . In 1924 the place name Ded or Dedul Mic, which had been customary until then, was changed to Detta.

In 1810 Detta was named a town by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. In 1858 the Detta-Stamora / Morawitza railway line was inaugurated. As a result of the Austro-Hungarian settlement in February 1867, the Banat came under Hungarian administration internally . A huge wave of Magyarization began, which peaked at the beginning of the 20th century. The first edition of the Dettaer Zeitung appeared in 1880 . It was discontinued in 1946. The old printing press is now in the city museum. The first wave of emigration to America began in 1885–1910. The majority of emigrants settled in North Dakota , Saskatchewan, and Alberta .

On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Detta also belonged, fell to the Kingdom of Romania . In 1925 the company Fabrica de Furnir si Industria Lemnului Prochaska spa was founded, from which today's wood processing plant SC Plafaf SA emerged .

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work . 1,600 people from Detta were affected by the deportation, 37 of them never returned.

The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The expropriated land was distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country. The collectivization of agriculture was initiated in the early 1950s . Through the nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, the expropriation of all economic enterprises took place regardless of ethnicity.

On June 18, 1951, the deportation to the Bărăgan steppe took place regardless of ethnicity. To this end, the Romanian government drafted a plan to cleanse the border area with Yugoslavia "from politically unreliable elements". When the Bărăgan displaced people returned home in 1956, they got back the houses and farms that had been expropriated in 1945, but the land ownership was collectivized . 109 people from Detta were deported to the Bărăgan steppe, two of whom died in the deportation.

economy

Roman Catholic Church in Deta

Detta had an urban character very early on. As an important traffic junction between the Banat Plain and the Banat Mountains, the village developed into an important station for the grain trade . The Timişoara-Werschetz highway, opened in 1854, and the Timişoara-Busiasch railway line, which operated from 1858, also contributed to the development of trade.

In 1860 the first steam mill was built; by the turn of the century there were already five mills in Detta. The importance of these mills was all the greater because they contributed to the creation of other important production units, such as oil presses , an electricity station , an ore foundry , a machine factory , a machine repair shop , an installation for the production of artificial ice and a steam bath . At the beginning of the 20th century there were also two brick factories in Detta.

The guild , founded in 1842, comprised 22 skilled trades, the number of which increased to 42 by 1895. In 1900, 210 independent large tradesmen and 260 industrial units were registered in the village. The best developed craft sectors were the cobbler's shops with 28 and tailoring with 22 employers and the construction sector with 14 entrepreneurs. Some larger workshops claimed the title of factory . There was a hat factory founded in 1880, a soap factory founded in 1888 and a soda water factory built in 1890 in the community. In 1900 36.8% of the workforce were employed in industry, 18.8% in agriculture and 9.6% in trade.

The traditional main employer of the city, a wood processing company, has meanwhile been replaced by the Austrian Eybl AG , which produces components for the interior of automobiles in Detta with around 1,500 employees.

A foundry has been under construction on the outskirts of the city since the end of 2010, which produces parts for power distribution. The parent plant is located in Switzerland. In the future, around 120 jobs are to be created there in a first phase. The first casting was made in December 2010.

Demographics

census Ethnicity
year Residents Romanians Hungary German Other
1880 3646 789 216 2542 99
1910 5147 1131 954 2885 177
1930 4965 1349 998 2404 214
1977 6937 3198 1636 1435 668
2002 6423 4321 1063 360 679
2011 6260 4247 698 252 1063

Personalities

literature

  • Anton Krämer: Family book of the Catholic parish Detta in the Banat and its branches 1724–1846 , Sindelfingen, 1995.
  • Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .

Web links

Commons : Deta  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ↑ Official German-speaking name according to Romanian government resolution 1415 of December 6, 2002 ( Official Gazette ( Memento of the original of September 5, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and remove then this note. ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / lege5.ro
  4. ↑ Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7
  5. ↑ Wilhelm Weber : And above us the endless blue sky. Deportation to the Baragansteppe in 1951. Documentation , Landsmannschaft der Banater Schwaben , Munich 1998, ISBN 3-00002-932-X , pages = 399
  6. ↑ zoro.ro ( Memento of the original from January 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Swiss aluminum foundry according to Deta @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zoro.ro
  7. ↑ kia.hu (PDF; 982 kB), E. Varga: Statistics of the population by ethnic group in Timiș County according to censuses from 1880-2002
  8. ↑ epa.oszk.hu (PDF; 2.1 MB), plans for a personal union between Romania and Hungary 1919-1932 by Andrea Schmidt-Rösler
  9. ↑ epa.hu (PDF; 2.7 MB), Social movements in the Banat village of Detta 1875-1921 by Anton Büchl
  10. ↑ Fișa primǎriei orașului Deta pe anul 2011 ( Memento from December 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive )