Jamu Mare

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jamu Mare
Great Shame
Nagyzsám
Veliki Zam
Jamu Mare does not have a coat of arms
Jamu Mare (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Coordinates : 45 ° 26 '  N , 21 ° 42'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 26 '11 "  N , 21 ° 42' 19"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 98  m
Area : 207.12  km²
Residents : 3,012 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 15 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 307230
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Jamu Mare, Clopodia , Ferendia , Gherman , Lățunaș
Mayor : Valeriu Filipiac ( PSD )
Postal address : Strada Principală, no. 181
loc. Jamu Mare, jud. Timiș, RO-307230
Website :
Location of Jamu Mare in Timiș County
Jamu Mare on the Josephine land survey (1769–1772)
Jamu Mare train station

Jamu Mare ( German  Großscham or Freudenthal , Hungarian Nagyzsám , Serbian Veliki Zam ) is a municipality in Timiș County , in the Banat region , in southwest Romania . The Jamu Mare municipality includes the villages of Clopodia , Ferendia , Gherman and Lățunaș .

location

Jamu Mare is located in the southern part of the Timiș District, 70 kilometers south of Timișoara ( Timisoara ), 20 kilometers north of Werschetz and 2 kilometers from the border with Serbia . Neighboring communities are in the northeast Clopodia, in the southeast Lățunaș, in the south Strediște , in the southwest Jamu Mic and in the northwest Gherman.

Neighboring places

Gherman Șemlacu Mic Clopodia
Moravia Neighboring communities Brezon
Serbia Serbia Lățunaș

etymology

The place was first mentioned in 1370 under the name Soma . The term Sama, Soma or Suma , which comes from the Serbian language and means something like forest, was used for several centuries. After the Turks left in 1716, the spelling Scham and Zsam was used . In order to distinguish the place from the nearby petty shame, it was given the addition large . The name of the municipality also changed due to the constantly changing state borders over the centuries. During the Hungarian period it was called Nagy-Zsám , while it belonged to Yugoslavia (1919–1924) it was called Veliki-Zam and finally after its acceptance to Romania it was called Jamu Mare (since 1924).

history

Archaeological finds

In Großscham there were some archaeological finds from Roman times , e.g. B. a stone with the inscription Leg. III , which leads to the assumption that parts of III. Legion were stationed. Some copper coins from the Carolingian era in the 9th century were also found. These are located in the Historical Museum in Budapest .

Settlement

In 1786, at the time of the Josephine settlement, the so-called third Swabian procession , the village of Freudenthal was founded with German colonists about three kilometers east of today's Großscham . The settlers came from what was then the German Reich , on both sides of the Rhine , from the Black Forest , the Rhineland and Alsace , from Lorraine and Luxembourg . When the construction work was completed, Freudenthal had 152 houses. The residents of Freudenthal mainly dealt with agriculture , but viticulture was also not insignificant at that time. Numerous craftsmen were represented in the village.

In 1809 the Freudenthalers received permission from the camera administration in Vienna to relocate to the nearby Großscham due to a lack of drinking water, while the Romanians who lived here settled in the Panschowa area, where they founded the village of Petrovoselo . When it was settled in 1809, the village had 805 inhabitants, spread over 264 houses.

Due to the ever better living conditions in Großscham after 1809, the number of inhabitants increased. Many immigrated from other Banat communities in the following years. The church registers include immigrants from Großsanktnikolaus , Bogarosch , Lenauheim , Bacova , Sânandrei , Mercydorf , but also from the southern Banat such as Werschetz , Zichydorf , Orawitz , Moritzfeld , etc.

School system

The first teacher Georg Mage from Lorraine arrived in Großscham as early as the summer of 1787 . In 1789 Josef Weihrauch, who immigrated from Regensburg, followed him . In 1822 a new school was built. The lessons were held in German . In 1867, when the Banat became part of Hungary, Hungarian was introduced as the language of instruction in Großscham . The First World War put an end to Magyarization ; German was reintroduced as the language of instruction. After 1918, during the Romanian period, there was an elementary school with 7 classes. In 1945 after the Second World War , German schools were closed and classes were held in Romanian . At the beginning of the school year 1948/49, however, the German schools reopened. In 1955 a new, larger and more modern school was built by the master builder Johann Utz .

Denominational life

In 1826 Lazar Karacsony acquired large and small shame . The grandson of Lazar Karacsony, Guido , initiated the construction of the current church. In 1836 the new church was consecrated to St. Mary. The Karacsony family burial place is located in the church under the chapel.

In 1850 the church got an organ with 18 stops, built by the organ builder Dangl in Arad . In 1867 the 700 kilogram bell was cast by the Ehgartner company in Timisoara. The bells were melted down during the First World War to be used to cast cannons. After the war, compatriots living in America donated a new bell, which is still in the church tower alongside three other bells. In 1866 the tower clock was installed by master Spindler from Dognatschka . The current clock was assembled in 1913.

economy

Until the Second World War, Großscham was a farming community, almost all of whose inhabitants were active in agriculture . The local craftsmen, blacksmiths , wagons , machine fitters and saddlers , were almost exclusively involved in the manufacture of agricultural equipment.

The good traffic situation on the Timisoara-Orawitz highway was of great importance for the economic development of Großscham. With the increasing development of trade , there was a need to connect the community to the postal network , which was done with the establishment of the post office in 1859. In 1884 the telegraph office was established. The connection to the railway network in 1892 was a further step in the expansion of the transport facilities. Viticulture was also of great importance for the community's prosperity . The most important grape varieties in Großscham were Gutedel , Grazer , Hungarian and Hotteler .

Due to the increase in the population and the associated growing need for food made from grain, the need for a mill arose . And three steam mills were built with a total capacity of 1400 tons. In 1928 the community received its own power station .

Banks and cooperatives are also an indispensable part of a prosperous economy . The first Raiffeisen bank in the Banat was founded in Großscham in 1898. A second bank, the “Economia Kreditinstitut”, was founded in 1933.

In 1869, grand shame got market rights . The weekly market took place on Saturdays, the annual markets in spring and autumn.

When the Banat was divided into three parts in 1918, Grand Shame fell to Serbia. Six years later, after a border adjustment, the village came to Romania, was now on the southwestern edge of Romania and became a railway terminus. The peripheral location initially led to economic stagnation in the municipality, which was to reverse in the 1930s. During this time the latest agricultural machinery and tractors were purchased. The products such as grain, beef cattle and wine were in great demand, and exports to Germany grew from year to year.

After the Second World War, the entire agricultural property was expropriated and merged into agricultural production cooperatives. The planned economy led to the downfall of the economy as a whole. The economic catastrophe resulted in emigration. The young people left the village to find a better future in the city in the course of industrialization. The Germans began to emigrate to Germany after the agreement between Chancellor Helmut Schmidt and President Nicolae Ceaușescu in 1977. The gap was closed by state-directed immigration of Romanians.

Culture

The cultural life mainly took place in the clubs . The first association that was founded in Großscham was the reading club , in 1867. In 1888 the volunteer fire brigade was founded. In 1894 the farmers' association was founded to represent the interests of the farmers. Other associations were the women's association , the rosary association , the church militia association , the hunting association , the youth association , the trade association , which represented the interests of various professions. The two choral societies , the men's choir (1892) and the Lyra music and choral society, made a special contribution to the cultural life of the community .

Consequences of war

On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, which also included Grand Shame, fell to Romania.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work . The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. Through the nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, the expropriation of all economic enterprises took place regardless of ethnicity.

Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania at citypopulation.de
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)