Bacova
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Bacova Bakowa Bakovár |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Romania
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| Historical region : | Banat | ||||
| Circle : | Timiș | ||||
| Municipality : | Buziaș | ||||
| Coordinates : | 45 ° 40 ′ N , 21 ° 33 ′ E | ||||
| Time zone : | EET ( UTC +2) | ||||
| Residents : | 1,544 (2002) | ||||
| Postal code : | 305101 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+40) 02 56 | ||||
| License plate : | TM | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2012) | |||||
| Community type : | Village | ||||
| Mayor : | Alger Viorel Ilaș ( USL ) | ||||
Bacova (German: Bakowa , Hungarian: Bakovár ) is a village in the Romanian part of the Banat and belongs to the city of Buziaș (German Busiasch ) in the Timiș district .
location
Bacova is about in the middle of the Timișoara - Lugoj road . Sârbova is located in the north of the village , Buziaş in the east, Chevereşu Mare in the west and Vucova in the south-west . The place has its own stop on the Timișoara - Buziaș railway line . In the north of the village there is a fairly extensive forest. The Bakowarer See (brick holes) is located between the village and the forest. Other (former) German villages in the neighborhood are Nitzkydorf and Darowa . Bakowa is 118 m above sea level.
The village is laid out according to plan with straight streets at right angles to each other. The church is built in the Gothic style , has a height of 56 m (tower + cross) and is therefore probably the highest village church in Romania. It replaced an earlier church and was consecrated in 1867 to the patron saint St. John of Nepomuk .
history
After the Peace of Passarowitz on July 21, 1718 the colonization of the Banat by the Habsburg monarchy began . The village was founded in the course of the third major Swabian procession around 1783, probably 1786 (first documented mention). The name Bakowa comes from Count Johann von Bacho, who was not involved in the establishment of the village.
The first settlers were around 100 families with around 400 people, the majority of them Germans from the Palatinate, Saarland, Rhineland, Bavaria and Württemberg. After about ten years around 35 German families came from Hungary and after 1820 numerous families from German Bohemia and Slovakia, mostly craftsmen.
After the first settlers had settled, poorly furnished the houses and cultivated the fields, the Turks fell into the country in 1788 and destroyed houses and fields. After the residents returned, the village had to be rebuilt. Some residents died of starvation. In 1794, after a bad harvest, there was another famine. In 1836 cholera broke out and 200 people died. In 1863 the harvest failed again.
Since not every house had a well at that time, deep and wide wells were dug and bricked up at many crossroads. The fountains were called “Maria Theresa Fountain”. At the moment two or three of these wells still exist. There is very good mineral water in Bacova, which is very similar to that from Buziaș ( Bad Busiasch ).
As a result of the Austro-Hungarian settlement in February 1867, the Banat came under Hungarian administration internally . A huge wave of Magyarization began, which peaked at the beginning of the 20th century.
For a long time, mostly German residents lived in the village. In the Hungarian census of 1910, 93% of 1895 inhabitants were Germans, and in 1940 98.6% of 2171 inhabitants were Germans.
79 people died during the First World War , for whom a memorial was erected in the park next to the church. On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Bakowa also belonged, fell to Romania.
As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. The Second World War brought considerable losses among the population. During the war and immediately afterwards 103 people died (76 in the German army, 15 in the Romanian army, 3 in prison camps, 2 in air raids and 7 on their return home on the Hungarian-Romanian border near Tschanad). After 1945, 20% of the population (438, between 17 and 50 years old, 203 men and 235 women) were deported to work in the Chistjakowa camp , which was located in the Don coalfield ( Soviet Union , today's Ukraine ). Most worked in the Krasnodar mine , 57 did not return. A memorial was erected in the cemetery to mark the 200th anniversary of the war dead.
The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods.
In the early 1950s there were still 1900 Germans living in Bakowa. A large wave of emigration to Germany began in the 1980s. According to the 1992 census, 1,046 Romanians, 241 Germans, 44 Hungarians and 53 others (gypsies) lived in the village. Currently (2007) around 120 Germans still live in the village. There is a German retirement home in Bacova, in which around 16 people spend their retirement years.
Sports were passionate about in Bacova. Bowling was very popular; after the Second World War there was an improvised bowling alley in almost every street. A modern bowling alley was later built, causing the others to slowly disappear. Due to lack of money, the bowling team Recolta Bacova never got promotion to the first division. The village was represented with several players in clubs from Timișoara ( Timisoara ) in the first division. In the 1960s and 1970s there was also a Recolta Bacova soccer team , which never got beyond the county league.
Viticulture
The Bakowar wine was very well known and brought great appreciation to the residents. As early as the middle of the 19th century, the Bakowarians began to grow wine on the Silascher Berg. The vineyards were destroyed in 1890 by the phylloxera introduced from America . Afterwards, the vineyards were successfully re-planted with resilient vine plants. The preferred grape varieties of the Bakowarers were Riesling , Muscat Ottonel , Schillerwein (red, white), Portuguese and Zackelweiß . In order to achieve a qualitative harvest, the vines were sprayed with a 2% copper vitral lime solution (five times a year) and the soil was chopped three times. The work was carried out by the end of July. The harvest started around the middle of September.
Before the expropriation in Romania in 1945 , the winegrowers on the Silascher Berg owned approx. 880 Katastraljoch vineyards (1 yoke = 5754 m²). An average of 15,000 hectoliters (approx. 660 l per inhabitant) were harvested. The work was done manually. Today no more wine is grown in Bacova.
Demographics
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Personalities
- Karl Singer (1940–2015), professor at the Western University of Timisoara, founding member and chairman of the Democratic Forum of Germans in the Banat
- Helmut Weinschrott (1949), Director of the Adam Müller Guttenbrunn Foundation in Timisoara and holder of the Federal Cross of Merit
- Walther Konschitzky (1944), publicist, photographer and ethnographer
- Albert Kitzl (1943), actor
See also
- List of German and Hungarian names of Romanian places
- Portal: Romania / List of localities in the Banat
literature
- Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .
Web links
- bakowa.de , HOG Bakowa
- banater-schwaben.org , home town community Bakowa
- banaterra.eu , Bacova
Individual evidence
- ↑ bukarest.diplo.de , award of the Cross of Merit on Ribbon of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany to Ms. Ortrun Rhein and Mr. Helmut Weinschrott