Șemlacu Mic
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Șemlacu Mic Kleinschemlak Vársomlyó |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Romania
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| Historical region : | Banat | ||||
| Circle : | Timiș | ||||
| Municipality : | Gătaia | ||||
| Coordinates : | 45 ° 21 ' N , 21 ° 25' E | ||||
| Time zone : | EET ( UTC +2) | ||||
| Residents : | 198 (2002) | ||||
| Postal code : | 307196 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+40) 02 56 | ||||
| License plate : | TM | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2012) | |||||
| Community type : | Village | ||||
| Mayor : | Raul Cozarov ( PD-L ) | ||||
Șemlacu Mic (German Klein-Schemlak , also Kleinschemlak , Hungarian Vársomlyó ) is a place in western Romania in the Timiş district about 60 km southwest of Timişoara (German Timişoara ). It is incorporated into the city of Gătaia .
history
The place owes its name to the medieval fortress Vársomlyo at the foot of the northeastern Schumig Mountain , an approximately 200 meter high volcanic cone from the Tertiary . During the Turkish occupation, the fortress was completely destroyed for strategic reasons. Between 1816 and 1818, the landowners, the Croatian Ostoitsch family , had German settlers, mainly from Württemberg, recruited and settled on their private property in Kleinschemlak. The first settlers - 16 to 18 families - were evangelicals from the Augsburg Confession and belonged to the Transylvanian-Saxon Church. When the land was redeemed in 1855, the land register was introduced. Now Kleinschemlak also got its own municipal administration, independent of the manor, with a freely chosen judge. After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise , the village was given the official name of Vársomlyó .
On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Schemlak also belonged, fell to the Kingdom of Romania . In 1923, Șemlacu Mic was introduced as an official name.
As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work .
The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The expropriated land was distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country. The collectivization of agriculture was initiated in the early 1950s . Through the nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, the expropriation of all economic enterprises took place regardless of ethnicity.
Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.
Residents
In Klein-Schemlak, the proportion of Banat Swabians was very high until the 1970s. Today only one German family lives there.
Șemlacu Mic has about 200 residents. The place has an old Protestant church and a monastery, Mănăstirea Săraca , which belongs to the Romanian Orthodox Church .
See also
- List of German and Hungarian names of Romanian places
- Portal: Romania / List of localities in the Banat
literature
- Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf: The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .
- Heinrich Freihoffer : Kleinschemlak. The rise and fall of a Danube Swabian community in the southern Banat Heckenland. Deggendorf 1972.
- Hans Walther Röhrig: The history of the German-Protestant communities of the Banat. Leipzig 1940.
Web links
- Kleinschemlak in Southern Banat (German)