Sânnicolau Mare

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Sânnicolau Mare
Grand
Saint Nicholas Nagyszentmiklós
Coat of arms of Sânnicolau Mare
Sânnicolau Mare (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Coordinates : 46 ° 4 '  N , 20 ° 38'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 4 '20 "  N , 20 ° 37' 46"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 82  m
Area : 136.77  km²
Residents : 12,312 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 90 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 305600
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : city
Mayor : Dănut Groza ( PNL )
Postal address : St. Republicii, no. 15
loc. Sânnicolau Mare, jud. Timiș, RO-305600
Website :
Location of Sânnicolau Mare in Timiș County

Sânnicolau Mare [ sɨnnikoˌla.u ˈmare ] (also Sânnicolaul Mare , old spelling Sînnicolau Mare ; German Groß Sankt Nikolaus or Großsanktnikolaus , Hungarian Nagyszentmiklós ) is a town in the Timiş district , Banat , Romania with approx. 12,000 inhabitants.

Geographical location

Sânnicolau Mare is located in the far west of Romania, 64 km northwest of Timișoara . It is a border town and is about 8 kilometers from Hungary and 25 kilometers from Serbia . It is located on the banks of the Aranka , once a tributary of the Marosch flowing six kilometers to the north .

Neighboring places

Kiszombor Cenad Nădlac
Dudeștii Vechi Neighboring communities Saravale
Teremia Mare Tomnatic Sânpetru Mare

history

In the 2nd century AD, the Romans built a fort that secured the road that ran along the Marosch . The place was first mentioned in a document in 1334 under the name Sanctus Michael . After the Peace of Passarowitz on July 21, 1718, after 164 years of Turkish rule, the Banat was attached to the Habsburg Monarchy and, as the imperial crown and chamber domain, was subordinated to the Vienna government. The Habsburg colonization of the Banat began with the so-called Swabian trains . The city ​​received the name Großsanktnikolaus in the 18th century when Germans settled here.

The Hungarian composer Béla Bartók was born here on March 25, 1881 .

Treasure of gold from Grand Saint Nicholas
Grand Saint Nicholas during the Josephine land survey

The Nagyszentmiklós treasure , an important gold treasure found in 1799 by the farmer 'Pera Vuin' while digging in his garden, is now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna . It consists of 23 early medieval gold vessels with a total weight of almost 10 kg. The ethnic and art-historical classification of this treasure is not entirely clear; the vessels were probably made between the 7th and 9th centuries . Finds of Avar graves with runic inscriptions on bones correspond to the runes of Nagyszentmiklós, so that it cannot be ruled out that the gold finds are also of Avar origin. Bulgarian origin is also possible, as the First Bulgarian Empire ruled the region at that time .

The urban development of Grand Saint Nicholas is closely linked to the Nakó family of counts. The family history of the Nakós goes back to the Middle Ages: According to the documents, the family comes from the Greek market town of Dogriani in Macedonia . The first Nakós in the Banat were a couple of Greek brothers from the middle of the 18th century. By Cristoph Nako , (* 1745), the first Nako generation from Great St. Nicholas comes from. In 1919 the family moved to Hungary . The castle in the town center, built by Nakó Kalman in 1864, and the Catholic parish church donated by the family are still reminiscent of the noble family. In the 20th century, the count's fort was alternately the seat of the Iron Guard, barracks, tractorist school, Béla Bartók museum, house of pioneers and, after the fall of the Wall, a disco and fitness studio. Today the Nakó Castle is a cultural center and city museum.

Nagyszentmiklós belonged to the Hungarian county of Torontál until 1920 and then came to Romania as a result of the Trianon Peace Treaty in June 1920 . The former Cistercian abbey of Igriș is about 10 kilometers to the northeast .

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work .

The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The expropriated land was distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country. From 1949 the collectivization of agriculture was gradually initiated. Through the Nationalization Act of June 11, 1948 , all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies were nationalized regardless of ethnicity.

Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.

Demographics

count nationality
year Residents Romanians German Hungary other
1880 10,836 3528 1219 4678 1411
1900 12,639 4179 1928 1586 1335
1930 10,676 4289 1474 3842 1071
1977 12,811 7970 1395 2434 1012
1992 13,083 9609 1389 770 1315
2002 12,914 10.127 1150 379 1258
2011 12,312 9074 890 259 2089

Personalities

Partner and friendships

Sânnicolau Mare entertains

See also

literature

  • Franz Wolz / Peter-Dietmar Leber: Heimatbuch Großsanktnikolaus im Banat. Contributions to the history of the Germans in town . Rohrbach Ilm 2005, ISBN 3-922979-03-3 .
  • Ioan Romoșan: Monografia orașului Sînnicolau Mare , Editura Solness, Timișoara, 2000, ISBN 973-8145-09-0 .
  • Hans Haas: The noble family Nakó de Nagyszentmiklós. The rise and fall of a count dynasty , Verlag Banatul Montan Reschitza 2011, ISBN 978-973-1929-42-2 .
  • Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf: The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .

Web links

Commons : Sânnicolau Mare  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ↑ adz.ro , ADZ , Balthasar Waitz : Hidden and Forgotten , accessed on September 18, 2011
  4. ↑ Varga E. Census data for Timiş county 1880 - 1992 (PDF; 897 kB)
  5. ^ ADZ conversation with the local historian from Großsanktnikolaus, Hans Haas, on September 14, 2016, accessed on May 3, 2017
  6. ↑ Peter-Dietmar Leber new federal chairman ( Memento from May 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive )