Lenauheim

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Lenauheim
Csatád
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Lenauheim (Romania)
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Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Coordinates : 45 ° 52 '  N , 20 ° 48'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 52 '19 "  N , 20 ° 48' 2"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 90  m
Area : 112.75  km²
Residents : 5,109 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 45 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 307240
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Lenauheim, Bulgăruș , Grabaț
Mayor : Ilie Suciu ( PNL )
Postal address : Str. Principală, no. 258
loc. Lenauheim, jud. Timiș, RO-307240
Website :
Location of Lenauheim in the Timiș district
Lenauheim on the Josephine land survey (1769–1772)

Lenauheim ( German  until 1926 Tschadat or Schadat , Romanian Lenauheim , Hungarian Csatád ) is a municipality in the Timiș district , in the Banat region , in southwest Romania . The villages of Grabaț and Bulgăruş belong to the municipality of Lenauheim .

Geographical location

Lenauheim is in the west of Timiș County, near the Serbian border. The place is 45 kilometers from the district capital Timișoara and 11 kilometers from Jimbolia . Neighboring towns are in the north Lovrin and Periam , in the west Comloşu Mare , in the south Jimbolia and in the east Cărpiniş and Biled .

Neighboring places

Thank god Bulgăruș Șandra
Grabaț Neighboring communities Biled
Jimbolia Checea Iecea Mare

history

The name Csatád first appeared in documents in 1415. The owner of the estate, which at that time belonged to Timisoara County , was Mathias Chatad . The Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus gave Chatad by a treaty of 12 May 1470, the family Dolaz . On March 8, 1520, he leased part of the property to Nikolaus de Maczedonia . The property was devastated by the constant Turkish invasions and was listed as a prädium (Pussta) as early as 1482 . After the Banat fell to the Austrian Empire in 1718 , the Pussta Csatád was leased to the Banater Prädien-Sozietät as pastureland in 1750 . In 1759, a post office exchange was set up here on Timisoara Poststrasse. During the Theresian colonization period (1763–1767) the Pussta Csatád was also settled. The place was founded as a colony of German settlers ( Swabians ) in 1767. His name was officially Csatád until 1926 after the locally born Nikolaus Lenau in Lenauheim has been renamed. The vast majority of settlers came from Trier , Luxembourg , Lorraine , Saarland and the Palatinate .

On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Lenauheim also belonged, fell to Romania.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. A total of 283 men were drafted from Lenauheim between 1908 and 1926, of which 93 fell or went missing.

In September 1944, 884 people fled from Lenauheim to the west, most of whom came back after the end of the war. Only 182 people remained in Germany or Austria. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work . 141 people from Lenauheim were affected, including 82 men and 59 women, of whom ten men and one woman died during the deportation.

The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The Nationalization Act of June 11, 1948 provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, whereby all commercial enterprises were expropriated regardless of ethnicity.

Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.

Population development

Lenauheim had about 3,200 inhabitants in 1865, in 1940 there were 2,400, over 95% of them Germans. Due to the emigration after the Second World War, the proportion of the population of German descent initially fell to around 50%, in 1992 around 100 of the 1,400 inhabitants were still Germans, in 2006 only 59.

At each admission, residents also acknowledged the Serbian (1900, highest number 12) and Slovak (1930, highest number 60) ethnic groups .

Population of the community Lenauheim (with the associated villages Grabaț and Bulgăruș):

census Ethnicity
year Residents Romanians Hungary German Roma Other
1880 8780 46 58 8487 ? 189
1910 7449 108 196 6899 ? 246
1930 7170 114 77 6653 253 73
1977 7490 3478 77 3509 402 24
1992 5123 3943 66 346 734 34
2002 5676 4617 99 193 727 40
2011 5109 3988 62 96 555 408

Attractions

  • Lenau's birth house: The house where Nikolaus Lenau was born now houses the Nikolaus Lenau local history museum , with a memorial for the poet Lenau, an ethnographic section with a doll collection with dolls in Banat Swabian costume.

Personalities

Town twinning

See also

literature

  • Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber , Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians , Volume 5: Cities and Villages , Landsmannschaft der Banat Swabians, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-922979-63-0 .
  • Dietmar Giel: Family book of the Catholic parish Csatád, Lenauheim im Banat 1767-2005, HOG Lenauheim, Mannheim 2006 DNB 984467548 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ↑ a b c Web presentation of the Lenauheim hometown community
  4. ↑ Lenauheim at banaterra.eu ( Memento of the original from June 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.banaterra.eu
  5. ↑ Census, last updated November 2, 2008, p. 71 (Hungarian; PDF; 1.1 MB)