Grabaț

Grabat
Grabatz
Garabos

Help on coat of arms

Basic data

State :

Romania

Historical region :

Banat

Circle :

Timiș

Municipality :

Lenauheim

Coordinates :

45 ° 53 ' N , 20 ° 45' E Coordinates: 45 ° 52 '39 " N , 20 ° 44' 37" E

Time zone :

EET ( UTC +2)

Height :

88 m

Residents :

1,937 (2002)

Postal code :

307242

Telephone code :

(+40) 02 56

License plate :

TM

Structure and administration (as of 2012)

Community type :

Village

Mayor :

Ilie Suciu ( PD-L )

Location of Grabaț in Timiș County

Grabaț on the Josephine land survey (1769–1772)

Grabaț ( Eng . Grabatz , ung. Garabos ) is a village in Timiș County , Banat , Romania . It belongs to the community of Lenauheim and is on the Jimbolia - Lovrin railway line .

Geographical location

Grabaț is located in the west of Timiș County, ten kilometers from Jimbolia , on the DJ594 road and on the Jimbolia - Lovrin railway line. Neighboring towns in the north are Gottlob seven kilometers away on the DJ594, in the northeast Bulgăruș seven kilometers away on the DC15, in the west Lenauheim four kilometers away on the DC14, in the southwest Comloșu Mic six kilometers away on the DC16 and in the west Comloșu Mare nine kilometers away on the DC14.

history

After the Peace of Passarowitz on July 21, 1718, after 164 years of Turkish rule, the Banat was attached to the Habsburg Monarchy and, as the imperial crown and chamber domain, was subordinated to the Vienna government. The Habsburg colonization of the Banat began with the so-called Swabian trains .

Grabaț was settled in 1768 with 50 families who came from Alsace , Lorraine , Palatinate , Luxembourg , Baden , Bavaria , Bohemia and Moravia , Hesse , Saarland and Austria . Before the settlement, the community area was given the name Grabaț as Prädium, pasture land . The name comes from Slavic .

In Grabaț, the houses were handed over to the settlers ready for occupancy. Administrative councilor Johann Wilhelm Edler von Hildebrand was responsible for the settlement. The place Grabaț already had 201 house numbers in 1769. The church, school, parish hall and the large tavern were in the center of the village.

As a result of the Austro-Hungarian settlement in February 1867, the Banat came under Hungarian administration internally . A huge wave of Magyarization began, which peaked at the beginning of the 20th century.

On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Grabatz also belonged, fell to the Kingdom of Romania .

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work .

The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The expropriated land was distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country. The collectivization of agriculture was initiated in the early 1950s . Through the nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, the expropriation of all economic enterprises took place regardless of ethnicity.

Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.

economy

From an economic point of view, Grabaț was a model community in the Banat. Horse breeding flourished in Grabaț as early as the 19th century . Cattle breeding was even more successful . A large number of breeding bulls were imported from Switzerland . The Grabațer Simmental (breed of cattle) were famous all over the country. The bull market took place in Grabaț every year. But the pig and fattening were Grabat to date. In Grabat was one of the flagship farms of the world famous pig Combine Comtim (Combinatul agro-industrial Timiş). The diggers also achieved great success with grain and hoe crops. Grabaț was the leader in sugar beet cultivation, but hemp was also grown on large areas. Already in 1781 there were 3 horse mills in Grabaț. In 1910 the Great Mill was built in Grabaț , which grew to become the second largest mill in the Banat.

Cultural life

First, Grabatz had a wooden prayer house. The current Roman Catholic Church was completed in 1780. The first Grabatzer school was built in 1770. In 1832 the new schoolhouse was built and in 1885 a fourth classroom was added. Towards the end of the 19th century, the first Grabatzer kindergarten was launched.

At the end of the 19th century there were a large number of associations in Grabatz : the farmers' association, the fire brigade association, several sports associations, the choirs and choirs, the youth association, the girls' wreath, the women's association, the trade association, the workers' association, the reading club, the hunting club and the church associations.

Three Grabatz inns had a spacious stage for theater events and music performances . The most important restaurant was the Großer Wirtshaus , which was later converted into a cultural center. All the inns had a bowling alley and pool tables . There were also several music groups and a large brass band from the end of the 19th century .

Consequences of war

On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Grabatz also belonged, fell to Romania.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all women of German origin between 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work . The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The Nationalization Act of June 11, 1948 provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, whereby all commercial enterprises were expropriated regardless of ethnicity. On June 18, 1951, the deportation took place in the Bărăgan steppe , according to the "plan for the evacuation of elements over a section of 25 km, the presence of which constitutes a danger for the border area with Yugoslavia". When the Bărăgan displaced people returned home in 1956, they got back the houses and farms that had been expropriated in 1945, but the land ownership was collectivized .

Personalities

Michael Neurohr (1887–1964), co-founder of the country team of the Banat Swabians in Germany
Karl Gaul (1854–1932), university professor
Anton Zwergal (* 1905), university professor
Johann Gerger (1909–1984), university professor
Jakob Dietrich (* 1924), author

literature

Anton Peter Petri : Heimatbuch der Heidegemeinde Grabatz im Banat, Marquartstein 1982.
Jakob Dietrich: Grabatz - sun spaces and shady sides, 1998, publisher HOG Grabatz.
Alfred Ivanov: Grabatz im Banat (1768–2008), 2008, Ed. HOG Grabatz.
Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .

Web links

hog-grabatz.de Website of the Grabatz hometown community