Cărpiniș (Timiș)

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Cărpiniș
Gertianosch
Gyertyámos
Coat of arms of Cărpiniș (Timiș)
Cărpiniș (Timiș) (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Coordinates : 45 ° 47 '  N , 20 ° 54'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 47 '14 "  N , 20 ° 54' 16"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 82  m
Area : 46.85  km²
Residents : 4,477 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 96 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 307090
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Cărpiniș, Iecea Mică
Mayor : Ioan Sima ( PSD )
Postal address : Str. III, no. 42
loc. Cărpiniș, jud. Timiș, RO-307090
Website :
Location of Cărpiniș in Timiș County
Cărpiniș on the Josephine land survey (1769–1772)

Cărpiniș [ kərpiˈniʃ ] ( German  Gertianosch , Hungarian Gyertyámos ) is a municipality in the Timiș County , in the Banat region , in southwest Romania .

location

Cărpiniș is located on the national road DN59A, 28 km from Timișoara and 15 km from Jimbolia . The village is on the Timișoara – Jimbolia railway line and is the starting point of the Cărpiniș – Ionel line .

Neighboring places

Lenauheim Iecea Mare Iecea Mica
Jimbolia Neighboring communities Beregsau Mare
Checea Cenei Beregsau Mic

history

The place was first mentioned in writing in 1387. In 1761 the place was inhabited by Romanians. In 1766 the kuk provincial administration ordered the residents to be forced to move to Dobin. But they applied for their return home as early as 1779, which Vienna approved. In 1781 the Romanian settlement in Dobin dissolved.

On July 2, 1781, 18 German families from Hatzfeld received a settlement permit for Dobin from the Vienna Court Chamber. They were followed by settlers from Groß- and Kleinjetscha , Beschenowa , Bogarosch , Lenauheim , Triebswetter , Billed and Easter . In October 1784 66 German settler families from Lorraine , Lower Franconia , Luxembourg , Trier , Mainz , Bavaria , Bohemia , Franconia , Swabia , Nassau and Upper Silesia were added. The official place name was Gertianosch .

After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise (1867), the Banat was annexed to the Kingdom of Hungary within the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary .

At the beginning of the 20th century, the law for the Magyarization of place names (Ga. 4/1898) was applied. The official place name was Gyertyámos . It remained in effect in the Kingdom of Romania until the administrative reform of 1923 , when Cărpiniș fell to the Kingdom of Romania as a result of the Treaty of Trianon .

First World War

In the First World War (1914-1918) there were 419 Gertianoscher soldiers . In their honor the war memorial was erected in the community cemetery. After the Serbs took control of the Banat in 1918, Cărpiniș remained a no man's land for a short time in 1919. With the signing of the Trianon Peace Treaty , the community became a border station between Greater Romania and Yugoslavia . On August 17, 1924 Romania received the large municipality of Hatzfeld in exchange for Modosch and Pardany ; the border was moved to the west, so that Cărpiniş fell to Romania.

Second World War

72 men from Gertianosch died in the Second World War , went missing or died in the hospital. While on the run in September 1944, Serb partisans shot 28 Gertiano men who were on the run. Other consequences of the war were forced labor in the Soviet Union , captivity, expropriation in 1945 and deportation to the Baragan steppe . Romanian colonists from Bessarabia, Dobruja and Moldova came to Gertianosch, where they took possession of the houses, the land and the associated means of production. As a result, resettlement began as part of family reunification . This process has currently been completed for Gertianosch. Cărpiniș is now a Romanian village.

economy

Agriculture

Until the expropriation (1945), the livelihood for the majority of the residents of Gertianosch was agriculture , especially arable farming . The livestock was subordinate to the own use; Pig breeding was an exception, and chicken breeding was limited . Pigs were delivered to Timisoara and Vienna, chickens and eggs to Italy. Some Gertianosher also successfully tried their hand at bees and silkworms . The silkworm breeders supplied 850 kg of cocoons (in 1922) and 156 bee colonies produced 2340 kg of honey (1934).

Business

In 1935 there were already 33 commercial branches in Gertianosch. In the same year, 21 apprentices and 30 journeymen completed a manual training in Gertianosch .

Industry

In the 19th century, industrial companies were established in Gertianosch that processed agricultural products and clay. In 1854 three brickworks were built: the "Große Ziegelei" by Christian Kloß, the "Kleine Ziegelei" by Michael Röser and a third by the community. The Petö family from Billed bought the first two after the First World War . Their products, wall and roof tiles of the best quality, were in demand all over Romania. On August 10, 1881, the windmill was completed. Two oil mills processed rapeseed , sunflower and pumpkin seeds , hemp and flax seeds . There were also several grist mills. Other industrial companies were: a roller curtain factory, a vinegar factory, brandy factories, milk cooperatives, cheese factories and butchers' shops.

trade

With the construction of the Szeged-Timisoara railway line in September 1857, some branches of the wholesale trade began to develop in Gertianosch ; the grain trade in particular took off. The timber merchants also carried iron goods , lime and building materials . The economic upswing was followed by modern public and cooperative credit institutions: savings banks , Raiffeisen cooperative, savings and advance payment association, agricultural credit cooperative .

Services

12 shops sold mixed goods and cut goods, 10 restaurants took care of the physical well-being. There was also a post office , a doctor , a midwife and a pharmacist in Gertianosch .

Cultural life

school

As early as 1781, Johann Fuhrmann was teaching 18 students in his house. In 1788, Johann Müller was the first trained teacher to be commissioned by the community to teach 115 students. In the school year 1884/1885 589 students attended classes. The kindergarten was set up in 1888. Gertianosch invested 2,000,000 lei in "Banatia Hausbau AG" in 1924.

societies

About 28 clubs and corporations, the choir , the farmers 'association, the trade and industry association , the girls' wreath, the fire brigade association , the sports club , the music band , worked in Gertianosch between 1869 and 1944. The "German Banat Singers Association" was founded on an initiative of the Gertianoscher Singing Association. Parish pastor Otto Dittrich was its first director and then honorary chairman. The seat of the board was in Gertianosch until 1931.

Personalities

  • Otto Dittrich (1884–1927), pastor, co-founder of the Banat German Singers Association
  • Matthias Hoffmann (1891–1957), local researcher, first chairman of the Landsmannschaft of Banat Swabians from Romania in Germany
  • Michael Mettler (1913–1989), educator, local researcher
  • Peter Potye (* 1925), contemporary witness, initiator of the Help for Gertianosch project

See also

literature

  • Matz Hoffmann: 1785–1935, one hundred and fifty years of German Gertianosch, Banat-Romania.
  • Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe Munich, Munich 2011, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania at citypopulation.de
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ^ Gerhard Seewann : History of the Germans in Hungary , Volume 2 1860 to 2006, Herder Institute, Marburg 2012