Dognecea

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Dognecea
Dognatschka
Dognácska
Coat of arms of Dognecea
Dognecea (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Caraș-Severin
Coordinates : 45 ° 16 '  N , 21 ° 45'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 16 '27 "  N , 21 ° 45' 24"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Residents : 2,009 (October 20, 2011)
Postal code : 327181
Telephone code : (+40) 02 55
License plate : CS
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Dognecea, Calina
Mayor : Elena Moise ( PNL )
Postal address : Str. Principală, no. 639
loc. Dognecea, jud. Caraș-Severin, RO-327181
Location of Dognecea in the Caraș-Severin district

Dognecea ( German  Dognatschka , Hungarian Dognácska ) is a municipality in the county Caras-Severin , Banat , Romania . The village of Calina also belongs to the municipality of Dognecea .

Neighboring places

Fizeș Bocșa Ocna de Fier
Jamu Mare Neighboring communities Reșița
Forotic Ciudanovița Carașova

history

The Dognecea Mountains ( Munții Dognecei ) are located on the northwestern edge of the Banat Mountains . A copper mine was built here at the beginning of the 18th century , which resulted in the establishment of the village of Dognatschka. The Romans mined gold, silver, copper and iron ore here in ancient times . In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Turks mined precious metals here. After the Turks were driven out in 1716, the Habsburgs began to build a modern mine and steel works . A lead mine was built in 1722, but it was abandoned in 1727 because of the high production costs. At the same time, copper was also produced in the smelting works .

The settlement of Tyrolean miners in 1727 resulted in a residential colony, the mining town of Dognatschka. In 1728, more Austrian miners and ironworkers joined, and again between 1730 and 1731, Tyrolean miners. In addition to the Germans, Bufänen ( Wallachian refugees from Oltenia ) who worked mainly as charcoal burners were also settled. In 1723 there was a mining office in Dognatschka and in 1727 a mining court . In the same year, the village also received market rights and in 1730 it was elevated to the status of a city and in 1793 was officially named "Free Mountain City Dognatschka".

From 1740, when the "Simon & Judas" copper mine was opened in Dognatschka, large copper ore deposits were found. Large amounts of silver were mined at the end of the 18th and early 19th centuries and a gold panning was operated in 1818 . After the mining and smelting works of the Banat Uplands were nationalized in 1851, the Viennese court chamber sold its mining holdings from the Banat to the Imperial-Royal Privileged Austrian State Railroad Company (StEG) founded a year earlier . Thus, the copper, lead, zinc and silver mines and smelters in and around Dognatschka, as well as the Dognatschka ironworks, were sold.

After the construction of the Reschitz - Eisenstein railway line (1873), the Dognatschka ironworks was given up and iron ore processing was relocated to Reschitz.

After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise (1867), the Banat was annexed to the Kingdom of Hungary within the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary . In the first decade of the 20th century, the law for the Magyarization of place names (Ga. 4/1898) was applied. The official place name was Dognácska . The Hungarian place names remained valid until the administrative reform of 1923 in the Kingdom of Romania , when the Romanian place names were introduced.

When the Banat was divided into three as a result of the Trianon Treaty in 1919 , two thirds fell to Romania. Since then, Dognatschka has been known as Dognecea .

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. The Germans from Romania had to pay for this after Romania switched sides on August 23, 1944. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work .

The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers without compensation, as former members of the German ethnic group in Romania , deprived the rural population of their livelihood. At the same time, the houses of the Germans were also expropriated without compensation. Land and farmhouses were distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country.

The nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, resulted in the expropriation of all commercial enterprises. In the early 1950s, the collectivization of agriculture took place.

Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after Stalin's rift with Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, they were deported to the Bărăgan steppe on June 18, 1951, regardless of ethnicity . At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.

Church and school

In 1741 the construction of the Catholic Church was finished and the Catholic parish was founded. The Orthodox parish was founded in 1795. In 1741 a German-speaking mountain school was set up in Dognatschka . At the same time there was also an Orthodox “national school” for the children of the bufänen that year.

Picture gallery

Rare ores from the Dognecea mining area exhibited in the Museum of Aesthetic Mineralogy of Iron in Ocna de Fier ( Eisenstein ):

Demographics

census Ethnicity
year Residents Romanians Hungary German Other
1880 3990 2694 17th 1220 59
1910 4035 2923 54 1031 27
1930 3308 2596 4th 699 9
1977 2944 2593 19th 308 24
2002 2044 1867 8th 131 38

See also

literature

  • Horst D. Schmidt, Ludwig Höcher, Karl Fassbinder: Family book of the community Dognatschka (Caras-Severin district, Banat, Romania): 1740–1855

Web links

Commons : Minerals of Dognecea  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB).
  2. ^ Gerhard Seewann : History of the Germans in Hungary , Volume 2 1860 to 2006, Herder Institute, Marburg 2012.
  3. ↑ kia.hu (PDF; 858 kB), E. Varga: Statistics of the number of inhabitants by ethnicity in the Caraș-Severin district according to censuses from 1880 - 2002 .