Sasca Montana

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Sasca Montană
Montan Saska, German Saska
Szászkabánya
Coat of arms of Sasca Montană
Sasca Montană (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Caraș-Severin
Coordinates : 44 ° 53 '  N , 21 ° 43'  E Coordinates: 44 ° 53 '8 "  N , 21 ° 42' 34"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 200  m
Area : 128.95  km²
Residents : 1,593 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 12 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 327330
Telephone code : (+40) 02 55
License plate : CS
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Sasca Montană, Bogodinț , Potoc , Sasca Română , Slatina-Nera
Mayor : Ion Poplicean ( PSD )
Postal address : Str. Principală, no. 375-376
loc. Sasca Montană, jud. Caraș-Severin, RO-327330
Website :
Location of Sasca Montană in the Caraș-Severin County
Josephine land survey

Sasca Montană ( German  German Saska , Montan Saska , Hungarian Szászkabánya ) is a municipality in the Caraș-Severin County , Banat , Romania . The villages of Bogodinț , Potoc , Sasca Română and Slatina-Nera belong to the municipality of Sasca Montană .

Geographical location

Sasca Montană is located in the Banat Uplands , in the southwest of the Caraș-Severin district. The place is surrounded by the Locva Mountains in the west, the Almăj Mountains in the southwest and the Anina Mountains in the northeast. Sasca Montană is 17 kilometers from the national road (Romanian: Drumul Național ) DN 57. It is 30 kilometers from the city of Oravița and 100 kilometers from the district capital Reșița . The village stretches for almost three kilometers along the Șușara valley. The locality is limited south of the Gheorghe mountain and north of the Neria valley .

Neighboring places

Slatina-Nera Sasca Română Anina / Steierdorf
Naidăș Neighboring communities Lăpușnicu Mare
Moldova-Nouă Carbunari Târnova

history

The first traces of human life in the area of ​​today's Sasca Montană date from the Neolithic . Ceramic finds and a sword made of bronze attest to the Coțofeni and Hallstatt cultures . The first traces of mining come from Roman times .

In a document from the year 1406 a "Fabianus paroh de Zaz" was mentioned and thus the place name was mentioned for the first time. The place name "Zaz" suggests that Saxons lived here and that the place was named after its inhabitants. Documents point to Saxons from the Ore Mountains who were brought as miners to the southern Banat in the Middle Ages, which they left around 1520 while fleeing the Turks . Nothing has been handed down from the Turkish period that suggests that mining would continue.

After the Peace of Passarowitz (1717) the Banat was built up and populated by the Vienna Court Chamber . The official place name was German Saska . German miners came from the hereditary lands , Rumanian forest workers , charcoal burners and carters from Wallachia . From 1727 the Maximilian Mining Law was introduced and applied. In 1741 the mining school was opened. In 1748–1754 four smelters were put into operation . From 1754 Montan-Saska was the seat of the mining authority.

The Sasca Montană mine was visited in 1773 by Emperor Joseph II and in 1817 by Emperor Franz I , who granted the place the rights of a mining town with market rights . When the Banat domains were sold to StEG (1855), mining in the Montanbanat lost its importance. The last copper mine closed in 1905. There began a strong migration of workers to Steierdorf / Anina and Reșița, but also to America . In the interwar period , Sasca Montană once again flourished as the district center of the now Romanian Banat. After 1952 an exploration of the ore reserves was undertaken and between 1973 and 1998 there was a resumption of mining activities. Today the mining activity in Sasca Montană is completely stopped.

After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise (1867), the Banat was annexed to the Kingdom of Hungary within the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary .

At the beginning of the 20th century the law for the Magyarization of place names (Ga. 4/1898) was implemented. The official place name was Szászkabánya . The Hungarian place names remained valid in the Kingdom of Romania until the administrative reform of 1923 when the Romanian place names were introduced.

The Treaty of Trianon on June 4, 1920 resulted in the Banat being divided into three parts , whereby Sasca Montană fell to the Kingdom of Romania .

tourism

As early as 1886, "Cornel Chyzer" compared Saska with the well-known mountain town of Bad Aussee in his guide . Through the establishment of the "South Hungarian Carpathian Association", the area was evaluated for tourism. The small medicinal bath Șușara is in the immediate vicinity. Sasca Montană is the starting point in the nature characterized by Mesozoic limestone .

For sports lovers, hikes on marked trails, rafting , alpinism , cycling , bungee jumping or horse riding are all the rage. Likewise, caving operate.

Lovers of industrial archeology can visit the water supply channel of the Maximilian smelter, some factory buildings from the 18th century, a historic pond or mine entrances. But it is also possible to collect minerals , rocks and slag on old mine dumps and quarries.

The Cheile Nerei-Beușnița National Park was established in 1990 to protect the diverse fauna and flora . The national park covers about 37,000 hectares. The most important sights are the lakes “Ochiul Beiului” and “Lacul Dracului”, the waterfalls “Șuşara” and “Beuşnița” and over 400 caves that have been discovered so far . You can also visit the “Nera Monastery”, where the nuns produce various homeopathic medicines from plants.

The geologist "Mihai Tăutu" opened a small ethnological museum in Sasca Montană , in which everyday items such as furniture, handicrafts, carpets, household appliances, doors and gates, books and postage stamps are exhibited.

Through cross-border cooperation with the Werschetz city ​​administration and the Caraş-Severin district administration, a joint database is maintained with regard to the infrastructure and regional events. The “Tourist Information Center” in Sasca Montană was opened in 2009 with EU funds and aims to promote the Cheile Nerei-Beușnița National Park and to inform tourists about the area and attractions.

Roman Catholic Church

On October 4, 1751, on the day of St. Francis of Assisi , the Roman Catholic Church in Sasca Montană was consecrated. The church is built in the Viennese baroque style. Inside is an image of the Mother of God , which is said to have been brought back by the first settlers from their traditional home in Tyrol . It still hangs in a baroque frame inside the church. Pilgrims from New Moldova , from the Bohemian villages near the Danube, and before the First World War also believers from Weißkirchen came to Saska on the great Marian holidays.

Demographics

The demographic development of the municipality of Sasca Montană, including the incorporated villages:

census Ethnicity
year Residents Romanians Hungary German Other
1880 7876 6931 32 857 56
1910 6904 6318 100 441 45
1977 3316 3223 9 40 44
1992 2300 2262 11 20th 7th
2002 1887 1848 13 12 14th

See also

literature

  • Victor Tăutu: Sasca Montanâ, monograph. Timisoara, 2009
  • Johann Wessely: The Banat Mining from 1717–1780 and its importance in terms of population policy. Vienna, 1937.
  • Horst Dieter Schmidt: Family book of the community Montan Saska 1750-1900. Ulm, 2005.
  • Julius Galfy: Contributions to a chronicle of the mountain village Deutsch-Saska in the Banater Bergland. Resita, 1999.
  • Jörg Renz: The demographic development of the population of Saska from 1751-1850. Ulm, 1995.
  • Walter Woth: A little bit about Saska and her copper smelters . , Resita 2010.
  • Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g banater-berglanddeutsche.de ( Memento from January 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), Sasca Montană
  4. ↑ a b Built 250 years ago - The Roman Catholic Church in Saska Montana ( Memento from July 1, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), Saska Church
  5. ^ Gerhard Seewann : History of the Germans in Hungary , Volume 2 1860 to 2006, Herder Institute, Marburg 2012
  6. ↑ a b banaterzeitungonline.wordpress.com , Sasca Mmontană a hidden place of rest for Timisoara
  7. ↑ .meleaguri.ro , Sasca Montană drumul către legende
  8. ↑ kia.hu (PDF; 858 kB), E. Varga: Statistics of the number of inhabitants by ethnicity in the Caraș-Severin district according to censuses from 1880 to 2002