Garnic

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Gârnic
Weitzenried
Szörénybúzás (1911–1918)
Gerník
Coat of arms of Garnic
Gârnic (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Caraș-Severin
Coordinates : 44 ° 45 '  N , 21 ° 48'  E Coordinates: 44 ° 45 '0 "  N , 21 ° 47' 30"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 600  m
Area : 36.62  km²
Residents : 1,268 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 35 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 327215
Telephone code : (+40) 02 55
License plate : CS
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Gârnic, Padina Matei
Mayor : Nicolae Tismănariu ( PSD )
Postal address : Str. Principală, no. 77
loc. Garnic, jud. Caraș-Severin, RO-327215
Website :
Location of Gârnic in the Caraș-Severin County
Garnic

Gârnic (Czech Gerník , German Weitzenried , Hungarian Weitzenried or Szörénybúzás ) is the largest of the six villages in the Caraş-Severin County , Romania, populated by Banat Czechs . The village of Padina Matei also belongs to the municipality of Garnic .

Geographical location

Gârnic is located approx. 15 km north of the Danube in the Banat Mountains at 600–750 m above sea level. A large part of the municipality belongs to the Iron Gate National Park .

Neighboring places

Moldovița Carbunari Șopotu Nou
Padina Matei Neighboring communities Valea Răchitei
Moldova Nouă Curmătura Sichevița

history

The village was founded in 1827 during the second, mainly military-motivated, wave of Czech immigration to the Banat. The official place name was Weitzenried .

After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise (1867), the Banat was annexed to the Kingdom of Hungary within the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary . In the first decade of the 20th century, the law for the Magyarization of place names (Ga. 4/1898) was applied, including the Magyarization of all toponyms on maps , land register extracts and city ​​maps . The official place name was Szörénybúzás . The Hungarian place names remained valid until the administrative reform of 1923 in the Kingdom of Romania , when the Romanian place names were introduced.

The Treaty of Trianon on June 4, 1920 resulted in the Banat being divided into three parts , whereby Garnic fell to the Kingdom of Romania .

The population of around 500 at the beginning grew to 1,400 by 1934. Before the fall of the Ceaușescu regime in 1989, Gârnic had 910 inhabitants; in 2000 there were only 559, mainly due to emigration to the west. This means that the place is still the largest Czech community in Romania and has as the only Czech village with the status of its own municipality, which also includes the small Romanian-speaking village of Padina Matei .

Sources of income are mainly agriculture and, in recent years, increasingly tourism. Industry and mining, such as in Eibenthal , only play a subordinate role. A special tradition in Gârnic is the quarrying and burning of the limestone extracted here in dug lime kilns , which has been in operation since the early days.

Demographics

Despite the sharp decline in the Czech minority, Gârnic is still the largest Czech community in Romania.

census Ethnicity
year Residents Romanians Hungary German Czechs
1880 1376 467 1 4th 904
1910 1847 804 16 2 1025
1930 2116 1003 - 3 1110
1977 1841 1046 - 2 793
2002 1533 1020 - - 513

See also

map

  • Club českých turistů: Turistická Mapa Banát, M 1: 100,000 . 1st edition. Freytag & Berndt, Prague 2001, ISBN 80-85999-88-9 (map and guide, Czech / Romanian / English).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ^ Gerhard Seewann : History of the Germans in Hungary , Volume 2 1860 to 2006, Herder Institute, Marburg 2012
  4. ↑ kia.hu (PDF; 858 kB), E. Varga: Statistics of the number of inhabitants by ethnicity in the Caraș-Severin district according to censuses from 1880 - 2002