Rusca Montana

Rusca Montană Rußberg Ruszkabánya
Basic data
State :	Romania
Historical region :	Banat
Circle :	Caraș-Severin
Coordinates :	45 ° 56 '  N , 22 ° 46'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 56 '10 "  N , 22 ° 45' 42"  E
Time zone :	EET ( UTC +2)
Height :	880  m
Area :	154.37  km²
Residents :	1,834 (October 20, 2011)
Population density :	12 inhabitants per km²
Postal code :	327320
Telephone code :	(+40) 02 55
License plate :	CS
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type :	local community
Structure :	Rusca Montană, Rușchița
Mayor :	Adorian Solomonesc ( PSD )
Postal address :	Str. Principală, no. 450 loc. Rusca Montană, jud. Caraș-Severin, RO-327320

Location of Rusca Montană in Caraș-Severin County

Rusca Montană ( German  Rußberg , also Russberg or Ruskberg , Hungarian Ruszkabánya ) is a municipality in the Caraș-Severin district in the Banat , Romania . The village of Rușchița also belongs to the municipality of Rusca Montană .

Geographical location

Rusca Montană is located in the northeast of the Caraș-Severin County, at the foot of the Poiana-Ruscă Mountains and is crossed by the Bistra River. Rusca Montană is located on the DJ 684 road and is 16 kilometers from Oțelu Roșu .

Neighboring places

Nădrag	Rușchița	Toplița
Știuca		Poiana Ruscă Mountains
Oțelu Roșu	Voislova	Băuțar

history

Foundation and settlement

The establishment of the place Rusca Montană goes hand in hand with the establishment of the mining and metallurgy company "Ohababisztrai kohótársulat" by the Hoffmann and Maderspach families. The two families leased the forests and industrial facilities from the Hungarian Royal Treasury for 100 years. In 1762 the area around Rusca Montană was incorporated into the Habsburg military border; the village received a military administration. The official place name was Russberg .

The miners, forest workers and workers in the metallurgical furnaces were settled at the end of the 18th century through immigration from today's Slovakia and Austria , but also through internal migration from the area around Oravița , Steierdorf , Reșița and Bocșa . Later settlers came from the Sudetenland and Italy . The Romanian population came partly from Transylvania , from the Hatzeg area, and partly from the surrounding villages of the Banat. The Protestants, who still have a church in Ferdinandsberg today, came from Württemberg and Baden . They were settled by the owners of the hammer mills . With the establishment of the Catholic parish in 1806, the establishment of the first school can be recorded.

After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise (1867), the Banat was annexed to the Kingdom of Hungary within the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary .

At the beginning of the 20th century the law for the Magyarization of place names (Ga. 4/1898) was implemented. The official place name was Ruszkabánya . The Hungarian place names remained valid in the Kingdom of Romania until the administrative reform of 1923 when the Romanian place names were introduced.

The Treaty of Trianon on June 4, 1920 resulted in the triple division of the Banat , whereby Rusca Montană fell to the Kingdom of Romania .

Revolutionary years 1848/49

As early as 1848, Hungarian revolutionaries briefly took control of the area. In April 1849 there was fighting all over the Bistratal. Some of the Hungarian revolutionary troops, under the command of General Józef Bem , tried to invade the Banat through the Iron Gate from Transylvania. They succeeded in pushing back company No. 23 and No. 25 of the Romanian-Banat border regiment No. 13 in the direction of Caransebeş . The Romanian population of Valea Mare (today Valea Bistrei ) and Marga put up resistance to the revolutionary. The insurgents renamed Ferdinandsberg after the Polish-Hungarian General Bem in Bemhegy . In Rusca Montană, smaller cannons and bullets were cast for the revolutionary Hungarian troops. On August 23, 1849, after the imperial troops had regained control of the region, Franziska Maderspach, co-founder of the mining and metallurgy company in Rusca Montană, was punished in public by Rittmeister Anton Gröber on the orders of Field Marshal Haynau with 25 to 25 strokes of the stick. Her husband, Károly Maderspach , committed suicide on the same day out of shame.

economy

The brothers Hofmann and Károly Maderspach founded the mining and metallurgy company "Ohababisztrai kohótársulat" as early as 1787. Around 1850 the whole area was taken over by the company "First Banat Mining Industry". In 1894 three hammer mills were operated here. They produced hammers, sledge hammers, picks, picks, axes, shovels, which were exported to Romania, Bulgaria and Serbia. In 1894 there was a post and telegraph office in Rusca Montană, a doctor's practice with a pharmacy, and a "Red Cross station".

tourism

The area around Rusca Montană is a real tourist attraction because of the mountains, nature, the history of the Bistral valley, the marble quarry. Already in the 19th century and before 1948 visitors from Hungary and later also from Timisoara came to Russberg to hike in the forests and in the mountains and to relax with families in the countryside. Some of the old smelting furnaces that can still be seen in the Lozna Valley, in the forests and in Rușchița can also be an important attraction for tourists.

The tourist monument (which is celebrated in a ceremony every August), unique in the area and perhaps even in Europe (a copy was erected in Poiana Mărului after 2005 ), was erected in 1936 when entering the village of Rusca Montană. The nature and the forests offer ample opportunities for hunting, fishing and hiking in the “Pleşu” nature reserve. The "Peter Pan" museum in Rusca Montană is also a novelty.

Parishes and churches

Roman Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church "Saint Bernard of Clairveaux" was built between 1850 and 1855 by the company "Eisen- und Gruben AG" from Kronstadt . The schematic of 1847 speaks of a church consecrated to Saint Bernhardt in the same year. The new church was consecrated in 1863 by Bishop Alexander Bonnaz . The walls of the church consist mainly of stone and less of brick. It is the only church in the Timișoara diocese and in the Banat that was consecrated to Saint Bernard. The church was painted in 1900 by a Viennese painter, whom the Russberger Karl Tiefenbeck assisted with the work. The painting on the main altar depicts Saint Bernard and was made in 1888 by the painter Emil Hoffmann . The side altars depict the Assumption of Our Lady, Saint Barbara, patron saint of miners, Saint Florian, patron saint of the former Russberg hammer mill, and Saint Wendelin, patron saint of cattle breeders and animals.

A very interesting element in the church is the staircase that leads from the sacristy to the pulpit and oratory , made of cast iron parts assembled in a spiral shape. The organ was built in Anton Dangl's studio in Arad in 1863. Three bells can be found in the tower, the oldest of which (1825) is dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The parish was founded in 1808 on the initiative of the Royal Mountain Chamber. Since then and until the 1970s she kept her own matriculation books . The royal mountain chamber accordingly exercised the patronage rights until 1817. In the period 1817-1827 Russberg was incorporated into the Parish Caransebeş . From 1827 onwards, the metallurgical society of the Hoffmann and Maderspach families achieved the re-activation of the parish and exercised the patronage rights themselves. From January 1st, 1992 the parish was dissolved; now it functions as a branch of the parish Ferdinandsberg. Parish administrator Călin Ciocian (since summer 2009), from Ferdinandsberg, comes every second Sunday to celebrate the service for the Russberg believers.

Romanian Orthodox Church

The Romanian Orthodox parish church "Outpouring of the Holy Spirit" (Pogorârea Sfântului Duh) has had its own register books since 1823. The Orthodox Church of Russberg was built in 1858, at the same time as the Catholic one. At that time, Pastor Nicolae Velovan was leading the parish. The interior painting dates from 1913 and was done by the painter Nicolae Popoviciu . In 1845 the Orthodox community numbered 925 souls, 200 church-married couples and 56 students. The church was solemnly consecrated in 1937 by the then Caransebes bishop Vasile Lăzărescu . Sorin Adrian Toma has been the pastor here since 1997 .

There is also a Baptist and a Pentecostal prayer house in Rusca Montană .

Personalities

• Ferdinand Hoffmann (1774–1833), co-founder of Rusca Montană; Ferdinandsberg was named after him
• Karl Anton Maderspach (1791–1849), co-owner of the iron mine
• Franz Vuchetich (1811–1889), pastor
• Josef Pančič (1814–1888), doctor, botanist, naturalist
• Karl Hofmann (1839–1891), geologist and university professor
• Stefan Velovan (1852–1932), professor and educator
• Nikolaus Schwarz (1900–1975), honorary dean, pastor

Web links

• Rusca Montană at ghidulprimariilor.ro
• Claudiu Călin: Rußberg (Rusca Montană) at banaterra.eu

Individual evidence

1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
3. ^ Gerhard Seewann : History of the Germans in Hungary , Volume 2 1860 to 2006, Herder Institute, Marburg 2012
4. ^ Hugo Fuchs: Contribution to the history of the iron bridges in Hungary . 1917. In: Conrad Matschoss: Contributions to the history of technology and industry. Yearbook of the Association of German Engineers . Seventh volume, Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 3-66240-240-8 , pp. 81-83.