Oravița

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Oravița
Orawitz
Oravica
Oravica / Оравица
Oravice
Oravița coat of arms
Oravița (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Caraș-Severin
Coordinates : 45 ° 2 '  N , 21 ° 41'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 1 '59 "  N , 21 ° 41' 10"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 242  m
Area : 164.16  km²
Residents : 11,382 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 69 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 325600
Telephone code : (+40) 02 55
License plate : CS
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : city
Structure : 6 districts / cadastral communities: Agadici , Brădișoru de Jos , Broșteni , Ciclova Montană , Marila , Răchitova
Mayor : Dumitru Ursu ( PSD )
Postal address : Str. 1 Decembrie 1918, no. 60
loc. Oravița, jud. Caraș-Severin, RO-325600
Website :
Location of Oravița in the Caraș-Severin County

Oravița [ oˈravit͡sa ] ( German  Orawitz , Hungarian Oravica , Czech Oravice , Croatian Oravica , Serbian - Cyrillic Оравица ) is a town in the Caraș-Severin district in the Banat region in Romania .

Geographical location

Oravița is located in the Banat on the west side of the Anina Mountains . The district capital Reșița is located about 35 km northeast.

Neighboring places

Broșteni Răchitova Anina
Vrani Neighboring communities Ciclova Montană
Răcășdia Ciclova Română Bozovici

history

As early as 1400 mining was being carried out in the area around today's city. The Banat was after a long occupation by the Ottoman Empire in the early 18th century as part of the Kingdom of Hungary again part of the Habsburg monarchy . The place was first mentioned in 1690; since 1717 it has been a parish. In the eastern part of the village mainly Tyrolean miners settled, in the western part mainly Romanians ; this resulted in two separate municipal administrations. Czechs, Poles, Serbs and Magyars also lived in Oravița.

Oravița was a center of copper smelting in Hungary at the beginning of the 18th century. In addition, gold was mined. In 1737–1739, Turkish invasions temporarily disrupted development. 1816–1817 a theater financed from donations was built, today called Mihai Eminescu Theater; it was, in a somewhat smaller form, recreated from the Old Burgtheater in Vienna and was opened in the presence of Emperor Franz I and his wife.

In 1854 the railway line from Oravița to Baziaș was opened, the oldest in present-day Romania. In 1863 the railway line from Oravița over the Anina Mountains to Steierdorf-Anina went into operation in order to be able to transport the coal mined there to the Danube ; because of its numerous viaducts in a picturesque landscape, it was called the Romanian Semmering . Since the end of the 19th century, the importance of mining decreased.

After the dissolution of Austria-Hungary in 1918 and ownership claims of several countries, Oravița came to the Kingdom of Romania as a result of the Treaty of Trianon in 1920 with the eastern part of the Banat . Now both districts have been officially united. Oravița became the capital of Caraș County.

At the end of the Second World War, most of the German residents fled to Germany or Austria. In 1946, uranium deposits were discovered near the city , which were mined on a large scale and brought to the Soviet Union .

Today wood and food processing as well as trade and tourism are the most important branches of the economy.

population

In 1880, 13,669 people lived in the area of ​​today's town, 4250 of them in German Orawitz, 2252 in Romanian Orawitz and 7167 in the towns that are now incorporated. 9917 were Romanians, 2910 Germans and 260 Magyars . As a result, the population fluctuated depending on the economic conditions. In 1900 it rose to over 14,000, and in 1941 it fell to below 11,000. In 1992 the maximum was reached with 15,293.

In the 2002 census, 12,858 inhabitants were registered, of which 10,222 in Oravița and 2636 in the incorporated villages. 11,972 were Romanians, 376 Roma , 222 Germans, 155 Hungarians, 84 Serbs , 17 Czechs and 15 Ukrainians .

traffic

The Oravița station was on the railway line from Berzovia - Iam (- Jasenovo / Serbia ). This route is closed. Today there is only one daily pair of trains from Oravița station on the route to Anina in island operation .

National road 57 runs through the city from Orșova to Moravița .

Mihai Eminescu Theater Hall

Attractions

Sons and daughters of the church

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Oravița  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania (MS Excel; 256 kB)
  3. ^ Website of the city, accessed on September 11, 2013 ( Memento from November 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ^ Anna Lindner: A theater near and far from the castle , on the website of the daily newspaper Der Standard , Vienna, October 7, 2013
  5. ↑ a b Private website about Oraviţa, accessed December 30, 2008
  6. ↑ 2002 census, accessed December 30, 2008 (PDF; 838 kB)
  7. ↑ ineu: Rump operation Oravița – Anina. In: Eisenbahn-Revue International (11/2016), p. 557.