Baziaș

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Baziaș
Basiasch
Báziás
Базjаш, Bazjaš
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Baziaș (Romania)
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Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Caraș-Severin
Municipality : Socol
Coordinates : 44 ° 49 '  N , 21 ° 23'  E Coordinates: 44 ° 48 '57 "  N , 21 ° 23' 28"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Residents : 61 (2011)
Postal code : 327366
Telephone code : (+40) 02 55
License plate : CS
Structure and administration
Community type : Village
Location of Baziaș in the Caraș-Severin County
The Danube at Baziaș
The Serbian monastery of Baziaș
Port and train station near Baziaș in 1908
The Baziaș Monastery on the Josephin Land Survey, 1769–72

Baziaș (German: Basiasch , Hungarian: Báziás , Serbo-Croatian: Базjаш , Bazjaš ) is a village in the Caraș-Severin district , in the Banat region , in southwestern Romania . Baziaș belongs to the Socol municipality .

Geographical location

Baziaș is located in the extreme southwest of the Caraș-Severin district, on the Danube Defilee , at the western end of a western Romanian spur along the Danube into Serbian territory. The village is located near the confluence of the Nera with the Danube on the left bank of the Nera at the point where the Danube reaches Romania. Baziaș is located on the Baziaș- Oravița railway line and on the DN57A Socol - Pojejena national road .

Neighboring places

Banatska Palanka Socol Lescovița , Zlatița
R.A.M Neighboring communities Banat Mountains
Rečica Ostrovo Divici

Beginnings

The origin of the place name is interpreted differently. One version says that the name comes from "Basgacht", which means something like beginning, which means the entry of the Danube into the country. Baziaș is where a Roman coin was found. A first documentary mention of the place comes from the year 1370. A medieval document from 1581 mentions a religious meeting at "Bazyasch supra fluvium Danubii". There was already a medieval monastery here, which was destroyed by the Ottomans in the 7th Austrian Turkish War in 1738 and rebuilt by Serbs in 1774. The Turkish invasion of 1788 during the Second Russian-Austrian Turkish War razed the old port to the ground.

economy

The present town was founded in 1795 three years after the Peace of Jassy in 1792. The Habsburgs began felling wood in the Banat Uplands in 1796 . As a result, Basiasch gained importance as a Danube port. When steam shipping increased in 1831, the coal supplies for shipping were stored in Basiasch.

Construction of the Oravița - Baziaș railway began in 1847 , but had to be stopped during the revolution of 1848/49 . In 1855, because of the financial crisis, Austria was forced to sell the Banat domain to the Austro-Hungarian State Railway Company (StEG). In 1856 the line was completed and put into operation. It was the first railway line in Austria-Hungary and the oldest on the territory of today's Romania. The route had the route Baziaş - Bela Crvka - Jasenovo - Iam - Oravița. On August 30, 1858, the Timișoara - Vršac - Bela Crvka - Baziaș line was inaugurated, which was extended to Anina in 1863 . This established the connection to Vienna and Western Europe. As a result, Baziaș grew into an important Danube port. Shipyards were built to maintain and repair the ships. Several important personalities made guest appearances in Baziaș, among them Emperor Franz Joseph I and King Charles I of Romania . In 1880 Baziaș had reached its highest level of development.

But gradually the railway gained in importance, and the shipyards were moved to Orșova , so that Baziaș lost more and more importance. Later the port on the Danube was moved to Moldova Veche . The First World War, which resulted in the Banat being divided into three , brought Baziaș to a peripheral location. The rail traffic between Iam and Baziaş was shut down as a result of the political divergence with the Tito regime, so that Baziaş fell into complete isolation.

Baziaș Monastery

Monastery patron Jovan Brankovic

The Serbian Orthodox Monastery of Baziaș was founded in 1225 at the time of the first Serbian king Stefan Nemanjić (1217 to 1227) and the first Archbishop of Serbia Sava of Serbia (1219 to 1235) and was established by the Serbian despot in Vojvodina Jovan Branković ( 1496–1502) particularly promoted. It was also in use during the Turkish occupation (1552-1718).

With the Peace of Passarowitz on July 21, 1718, the Ottoman Empire ceded the Temescher Banat and Little Wallachia (in today's Romania ) as well as northern Serbia with Belgrade and a border strip in northern Bosnia to Austria . The monastery could flourish again. But already in the next, the 7th Austrian Turkish War , it was destroyed in 1738 and only rebuilt 36 years later, at the end of the Russo-Turkish War . This time the peace lasted even less. Fourteen years later, in the next Turkish war in 1788, not only the monastery, but the whole place was destroyed. This Turkish approach led to the First Serbian Uprising from 1804 to 1813.

An extensive renovation took place in 1855. The monastery also had a school. Since 1900 the monastery has been called "To St. Sava". In 1955 the last monk died and with him the monastic life in the monastery. Since the political change of 1989 a monk has lived in the monastery again.

Baziaș Nature Reserve

The nature reserve of Baziaș, which extends over 170.90 hectares in the Locva Mountains , is an IUCN category IV biotope and species protection area . It is primarily a forest reserve to protect endangered plant species and is part of the Iron Gate Nature Park .

The flora of the Baziaș Nature Reserve is very diverse:

The fauna is represented by a large number of insects, such as stag beetles , Lucanus cervus , large oak buck , Cerambyx cerdo , hedge woolen jacks ( Eriogaster catax ), amphibians and reptiles, forest birds, small mammals but also deer ( Capreolus capreolus ), wild boars ( Sus scrofa ) or wolves ( Canis lupus ).

Population development

census Ethnicity
year Residents Romanians Hungary German Serbs
1880 516 42 61 318 95
1910 345 12 133 81 119
1966 112 55 2 3 52
1977 68 26th 1 3 38
2002 69 54 ? ? ?

literature

  • Joh. Bayer: Excursion at Baziás. In: Austrian Botanical Journal. Vol. 10, No. 1 (January 1860), pp. 6-9
  • Map: BAZIAS - EISERNES THOR - TURN-SEVERIN. In: Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1903, scale 1: 375,000
  • Felix Milleker : History of the Bazias Colony. Weisskirchen, 1908
  • Nicolae Ilieșiu: Monografia istorică a Banatului: judeţul Caraş. Editura Mica Valahie, Bucharest 2011

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Location on geonames.org
  2. ↑ location on vici.org
  3. ↑ a b c banaterra.eu ( Memento from December 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), Baziaș
  4. ↑ welcometoromania.ro , The Baziaș Monastery
  5. ↑ banatica.ro , The medieval monastery of Baziaş
  6. ↑ adz.ro , Werner Kremm : Monastery of St. Savior is being restored
  7. ↑ turism.bzi.ro , The Baziaș Nature Reserve
  8. ↑ pnportiledefier.ro , The Baziaș Nature Reserve
  9. ↑ romanianresorts.ro , The Baziaș Nature Reserve
  10. ↑ kia.hu (PDF; 858 kB), E. Varga: Statistics of the number of inhabitants by ethnicity in the Caraș-Severin district according to censuses from 1880 to 2002
  11. ↑ BAZIAS - IRON THOR - TURN-SEVERIN. on: Vintage Historical Maps of Europe and the World in around 1900