Hedge wool jack
| Hedge wool jack | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Eriogaster catax | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1758) |
The eriogaster catax or sloe Autumn woolen After ( Eriogaster catax ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of clucking (Lasiocampidae).
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 30 to 35 millimeters. They have yellow-brown forewings (males), which are colored wide purple-brown on the outside edge. In the middle of the forewings sits a conspicuous, white, circular spot, which is lined with dark brown. The females are basically the same color, only that their forewings are much darker. Only the narrow seam between the purple-brown edge and the rest of the wing is yellow-brown in color. The hind wings are monochrome, like the fore wings.
The caterpillars are about 50 millimeters long and have a black basic color. Along the back and on the sides they have light gray tufts of hair that come together to a point. They also have short, red-brown hair and blue and yellowish spots on their backs.
Similar species
- Spring wool juicer ( Eriogaster lanestris )
- Oak wool extractor ( Eriogaster rimicola )
- Mother Plum ( Odonestis pruni )
Occurrence
The animals occur in southern and central Europe , east to the Urals . They were widespread in Central Europe, but have now disappeared almost everywhere. Their populations have declined rapidly in recent years; they can only be found in a few areas, such as B. in the Steigerwald , in the Rhine plain of Alsace and around Geneva . They live in warm and light, slightly damp deciduous forests , especially in those that are used extensively at medium altitudes. Eriogaster catax currently only populates the eastern parts of the federal territory in Austria, namely Burgenland , eastern Lower Austria (and an "enclave" in western Lower Austria) and parts of the federal capital Vienna . There is only one current record from Upper Austria from 1993. However, many former populations in Austria (such as Vorarlberg, Tyrol, Carinthia) have already died out.
Way of life
Flight and caterpillar times
The nocturnal moths fly very late in the year from September to October, the caterpillars are found from May to early July.
Food of the caterpillars
The caterpillars feed on blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa ), hawthorn (Crataegus sp.), English oak ( Quercus robur ) and other oak species , but probably also on other deciduous trees and shrubs.
development
The moths mate before midnight, and shortly afterwards the female sticks her eggs with a dark, sticky substance around thin branches of the forage plants. After that, they are covered with hairs of the anal bush. The clutch looks strange, like a hairy caterpillar. The eggs hibernate, the caterpillars do not hatch until the beginning of May. Together they spin a web near the filing point in which they live together. They only come out of it to eat. After the first molt, they split up and live solitary. They can then be found increasingly on oaks, the young caterpillars usually live on blackthorn. Around June the adult caterpillars climb down to the ground and pupate in a parchment-like, oval cocoon . It happens that the pupa lays down for up to two years before the imago hatches.
Hazard and protection
- Red list FRG: 1 (threatened with extinction)
- Red List of Austria: VU (endangered)
- Species in Appendix II and Appendix IV of the Habitats Directive
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Heiko Bellmann : The new cosmos butterfly guide. Butterflies, caterpillars and forage plants. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-440-09330-1 , p. 72.
- ^ A b Hans-Josef Weidemann, Jochen Köhler: Moths. Weirdos and hawkers. Naturbuch-Verlag, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-89440-128-1 , p. 114ff.
- ↑ H. Höttinger, Der Hecken-Wollafter (Eriogaster catax L.) in Vienna (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) : Final report of a study on behalf of the Vienna Municipal Department MA 22 (Environmental Protection), 2005
- ↑ Eriogaster catax. Butterflies-Deutschlands.de, Christian Tolasch, accessed on October 21, 2006 .
- ^ H. Höttinger, Der Hecken-Wollafter (Eriogaster catax L.) in Vienna, Vienna Municipal Department MA 22 (environmental protection), 2005
- ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany. Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 978-3-896-24110-8
- ^ Federal Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (Ed.): Red Lists of Endangered Animals Austria. Checklists, risk analyzes, need for action. Part 2: reptiles, amphibians, fish, moths, molluscs Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-205-77478-5
literature
- Günter Ebert (Ed.): The Butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 4, Moths II (Bombycidae, Endromidae, Lasiocampidae, Lemoniidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Drepanidae, Notodontidae, Dilobidae, Lymantriidae, Ctenuchidae, Nolidae). Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 1994. ISBN 3-800-13474-8
- Manfred Koch : We determine butterflies. Volume 2: Bears, Spinners, Swarmers and Drills in Germany. 2nd, expanded edition. Neumann, Radebeul / Berlin 1964, DNB 452481929 .
Web links
- www.lepiforum.de
- European butterflies
- Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa (English)
- Eriogaster catax at Fauna Europaea
- Eriogaster catax inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Listed by: World Conservation Monitoring Center, 1996. Retrieved February 26, 2014.