Turkey
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Turkey |
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| Quercus cerris | ||||||||||||
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The Zerreich ( technical language Zerr-Eiche , Quercus cerris L. , also Zirneiche ) is a deciduous tree - species from the genus of oaks ( Quercus ) in the beech family (Fagaceae).
Within the genus Quercus , the species belongs to the section of the same name Cerris ("Zerr oaks"), which includes the name-giving turkey oak as well as other, sometimes very well-known oak species such as the cork oak or the holm oak .
description
The Turkey oak can reach a height of 35 meters and an age of up to 200 years. It has a broad crown and forms a thick, hard, dark gray, longitudinally fissured bark early on. The young shoots are hairy with short felts, the buds are surrounded by unmistakable, thread-like stipules up to 2 centimeters long. The leaves, up to 13 centimeters long, are alternate and deeply lobed. They are leathery, rough on both sides, dark green on top, felty and gray-green on the underside.
The Turkey oak is monoecious and flowers in May, the acorns ripen in the second year in September to October. The acorns are up to 3 centimeters long and sit halfway in the prickly cupula .
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Occurrence
The Turkey oak has an (eastern) sub-Mediterranean distribution area. It is of natural origin in southern France, Italy, Southeast Europe and on the Balkan Peninsula to the western edge of the Black Sea, and also in Ticino, South Tyrol, Moravia, Lower Austria, Burgenland and Styria. It is absent on the Iberian Peninsula, Corsica and Sardinia. In the case of the oaks on the Kaiserstuhl and the Haßberge, it is unclear whether they are of natural origin or naturalized through plantations from the time of the Romans . They were certainly planted in England and north-west France.
Turkey oak prefers warm, nutrient-rich soils in summer. It has a large ecological amplitude and occurs on both limestone and acid silicate rock. It rises from the plain to medium mountain ranges with heights of up to 1250 meters above sea level. Turkey oak forms mixed forests with the flowery ash , downy oak , hop beech and other deciduous tree species.
use
Turkey oak is an important forest in southern and southeastern Europe. Their wood is similar to the English oak and is used in a similar way. The sapwood is wider and the red-brown heartwood is denser and harder. This makes the wood shrink more and is more difficult to split. Turkey oak is often cultivated as coppice forest for firewood. The acorns serve as pig feed, the branches are as animal feed geschneitelt . Turkey oak is a popular park tree in Central Europe.
literature
- Peter Schütt , Hans-Jürgen Schuck, Bernd Stimm (eds.): Lexicon of forest botany. ecomed, Landsberg / Lech 1992, ISBN 3-609-65800-2 , pp. 427-428.
Individual evidence
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 318.
Web links
- Quercus cerris L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved October 4, 2015.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )