Silver linden
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Silver linden ( Tilia tomentosa ) |
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The silver lime ( Tilia tomentosa ) is a plant from the genus of Linden ( Tilia ) in the subfamily of tilioideae (Tilioideae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The silver linden is a deciduous, deciduous tree that reaches heights of 25 to 30 meters. The treetop is very dense; it is already regularly spherical in young trees, in older trees it starts very deep, is broader, expansive and raised, and is particularly well developed in individual trees. The trunk is straight. The branches start deeply on the trunk and radiate upwards and are only slightly bent to the side or back.
The bark of younger trees is greenish-gray and fairly smooth; With increasing age, a fine, very flat groin and furrow pattern develops. The bark of the twigs is lighter or darker gray-green - a little irregular to and fro - and very conspicuous in early summer and thickly covered with white felted hair.
The greenish, mostly more hairy bud is oval with a rounded upper end and has only two bud scales of different sizes.
The alternate leaves arranged on the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 2 to 3.5 inches long. The simple leaf blade has a rounded outline with a slender, elongated, attached tip and, as a rule, a more crooked heart-shaped base and therefore appears asymmetrical. The leaf margin is serrated or serrated, with the teeth fairly uniform and mostly pointing towards the tip of the blade. The thick leaf blade has a uniformly dark green, matt and somewhat wrinkled-rough upper side and the underside appears very light or almost silvery due to its dense white-felted hair; hence the common name silver lime and the specific epithet tomentosa .
When exposed to strong sunlight, the silver linden turns the underside of the leaves towards the sun. Due to their silvery surface, the underside of the leaves can reflect a high proportion of sunlight and thus protect the plant from it.
Generative characteristics
The flowering time is in July. There are 6 to 9 flowers each in pendulous, paniculate , trugdoldigen inflorescences . More than half of the inflorescence axis is fused with a silvery-white bract (bract).
The very pleasantly scented, hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold. The five petals are light yellow. The anthers are golden yellow.
The closing fruit is at a diameter of 8 to 11 mm dicklich-spherical with some warty surface and has indistinct protruding ribs.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 82.
Occurrence
The silver lime tree is native to Southeast Europe and Asia Minor , where it appears as a forest-forming tree. It occurs there in societies of the Quercetalia pubescentis as well as in Fagion societies.
use
The silver linden has been used as an ornamental plant in parks and along streets since the 19th century because of its decorative value . It has proven to be quite resistant to dust and exhaust gases from industry, traffic and households.
In the beekeeping is the silver lime like all Linden due to the very high sugar content of their nectar (up to 77%) and its high sugar value (up to 5 mg of sugar / day per flower) an estimated costume .
The silver lime tree is also popular with bumblebees , which can hardly find any other food during the late blooming period in July. The nectar produced in abundance is no longer sufficient, so that a relatively large number of dead flower visitors can be found under blossoming trees. In the past it was assumed that the linden trees were poisonous for these animals, for example through the production of the sugar mannose, which is dangerous for bees . In the meantime it has been proven that the linden trees are non-toxic to the bumblebees.
The project Stadtgrün 2021 of the Bavarian State Institute for Viticulture and Horticulture has the silver lime tree in a list of trees that are suitable as future urban trees in an urban climate characterized by climate change.
swell
- Gunter Steinbach (Ed.): Trees (Steinbach's nature guide). Mosaik Verlag GmbH, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10554-9 .
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bayerischer Rundfunk Anja Bühling: Consequences of climate change: the country needs new city trees . June 21, 2019 ( br.de [accessed April 29, 2020]).
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 655.
- ↑ Helmut Horn, Cord Lüllmann: Das große Honigbuch , Kosmos, Stuttgart 3rd edition, 2006, p. 31. ISBN 3-440-10838-4
- ↑ Helge May: Where do all the dead bumblebees come from? In the middle of summer, mass deaths under flowering linden trees. nabu.de, accessed on May 14, 2013 .
- ↑ Stadtgrün 2021: The country needs new trees! Retrieved April 29, 2020 .
Web links
- Silver linden. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Tilia tomentosa Moench In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved December 6, 2015.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Profile at baumkunde.de .