Brezon

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Brezon, Breasova
Bresondorf, Bresendorf
Brezonfálva, Bársonyfalva
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Brezon (Romania)
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Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Caraș-Severin
Municipality : Forotic
Coordinates : 45 ° 15 '  N , 21 ° 35'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 14 '40 "  N , 21 ° 34' 49"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Residents : 128 (2002)
Postal code : 327211
Telephone code : (+40) 02 55
License plate : CS
Structure and administration
Community type : Village
Location of Brezon in the Caraș-Severin County

Brezon (outdated: Breasova , German: Bresondorf , Bresendorf , Hungarian: Brezonfálva , Bársonyfalva ) is a village in Caraș-Severin County , Banat , Romania . Brezon belongs to the municipality of Forotic .

Geographical location

Brezon is located in the east of the Caraş-Severin County , on the border with the Timiş County , north of the Forotic municipality , on the DJ 572 Berzovia - Comorâşte county road .

Neighboring places

Clopodia Surducu Mare Doclin
Jamu Mare Neighboring communities Dognecea
Lățunaș Forotic Calina

history

Brezon was founded in 1872 by the settlement of Germans from Torontál County. The Hungarian historian Frigyes Pesty reports about it in his "History of Karas County". Contract partners were the Austro-Hungarian State Railroad Company (StEG) on the one hand and the colonists on the other. The place was named after the then director of the StEG Georg Bresson.

The settlers received 9 daily labor and 800 fathoms of arable land from the StEG for 25 years as well as a sum of money that had to be repaid in 15 years. The village initially had 50 houses. But the soil was barren and unsuitable for arable farming, so that the settlers could not repay their debts to the StEG on time. So they were forced to work through them in different ways.

After the Banat was divided into three on June 4, 1920 as a result of the Treaty of Trianon , Bresondorf fell to the Kingdom of Romania . It was not until the agrarian reform of 1923 that the debts were canceled and the farmers came into possession of the fields.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. The Germans from Romania had to pay for this after Romania switched sides on August 23, 1944. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work .

The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers without compensation, as former members of the German ethnic group in Romania , deprived the rural population of their livelihood. At the same time, the houses of the Germans were also expropriated without compensation. Land and farmhouses were distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country.

The nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, resulted in the expropriation of all commercial enterprises. In the early 1950s, the collectivization of agriculture took place.

Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after Stalin's rift with Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, they were deported to the Bărăgan steppe on June 18, 1951, regardless of ethnicity . At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.

Demographics

census Ethnicity
year Residents Romanians Hungary German Other
1910 386 - 14th 354 18th
1930 311 3 23 272 13
1941 278 10 6th 257 5
1977 159 47 4th 101 7th
1992 110 42 - 29 39
2002 128 48 1 6th 73

literature

Web links

  • banatergottesheuser.ro , Roman Catholic Church in Bresondorf
  • books.google.de , Annette Großbongardt, Uwe Klußmann, Norbert F. Pötzl: The Germans in Eastern Europe: Conquerors, Settlers, Displaced People - A Spiegel Book

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7
  2. ↑ kia.hu , E. Varga: Statistics of the population by ethnicity in the Caraș-Severin district according to censuses from 1880 - 2002