Bărăteaz

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Bărăteaz
Baratzhausen
Baraczháza
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Bărăteaz (Romania)
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Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Municipality : Satchinez
Coordinates : 45 ° 58 '  N , 21 ° 6'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 58 '17 "  N , 21 ° 5' 33"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 103  m
Residents : 637 (2002)
Postal code : 307366
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2012)
Community type : Village
Mayor : Dan Florin Ion ( PD-L )
Location of Bărăteaz in Timiș County

Bărăteaz ( Romanian also Călugăruș , German  Baratzhausen or Berndjas , Hungarian Baraczháza ) is a village in Timiș County , Banat , Romania . Bărăteaz belongs to the municipality of Satchinez .

location

Bărăteaz is located in the north of Timiș County, near the border with Arad County . It is 36 kilometers to the district capital Timișoara . Bărăteaz is crossed by the DJ692 road. The train station is two kilometers away.

Neighboring places

Variaș Gelu Vinga
Satchinez Neighboring communities Orțișoara
Satchinez Hodoni Carani

etymology

The place was first mentioned in 1411 under the name Barochháza and in 1428 as Barothháza . In 1718 it was designated as Prädium (pasture land), which was referred to as Parazas on Merz's map of 1723 . In 1753 the village was recorded under the name Paratzhas and was inhabited. In 1769 the name Barathia appeared . The name Baraczháza comes from the Hungarian borocz or baratzk ( German  apricot ) and háza ( German  Hausen ).

history

The Parazas predium was leased to ranchers. Romanians lived in the place, which was inhabited in 1753. In 1783 Paratzhaz belonged to the Sanktandreser Rentamt and consisted of 103 houses. From 1717 to 1801 Baratzhausen was the imperial crown land and belonged to the Viennese court chamber . In the course of the privatization of the Banat villages, it came into the possession of the Armenians Johann Martin , Franz and Gregor Capdebo , who had been raised to the nobility in 1802. Until the revolution of 1848/49 , which brought about the liberation of the peasants, the village remained in the possession of the Capdebo family. The first German families were settled in Baratzhausen in 1832 through immigration from the neighboring towns of Billed , Großjetscha , Alexanderhausen , Kleinjetscha , Saderlach , Gottlob and Lenauheim .

As a result of the Austro-Hungarian settlement in February 1867, the Banat came under Hungarian administration internally . A huge wave of Magyarization began, which peaked at the beginning of the 20th century. The place received the official name Baraczháza. In 1890 Baratzhausen was the seat of the community, belonged to the Winga district and was in Timisoara county .

On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Baratzhausen also belonged, fell to Romania.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between 18–30 and men between the ages of 16–45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work . 72 people from Bărăteaz were affected by the deportation, of which 19 did not return.

The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The expropriated land was distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country. The collectivization of agriculture was initiated in the early 1950s . Through the nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, the expropriation of all economic enterprises took place regardless of ethnicity.

Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized. 34 people from Bărăteaz were deported to the Bărăgan steppe.

The villages of Bărăteaz and Hodon have been incorporated into Satchinez since 1968.

economy

The main occupation of the residents of Bărăteaz was agriculture , livestock and vegetable growing . There was also a well-known vine and fruit nursery in the village . The craftsmen had jobs that helped farmers, such as blacksmiths, wagons, carpenters, etc. In 1908 Baratzhausen was connected to the Timișoara - Variaș railway network. Although the train station is two kilometers outside the village, it has contributed significantly to the development of economic and cultural life in the village.

Culture

A Romanian school was mentioned in Bărăteaz as early as 1788. The first German school was built in 1854. The school was denominational until the school reform of 1948 and was maintained by the Catholic parish. The language of instruction was German. In the state school, which arose after the expropriation in Romania in 1945 and the dissolution of the denominational school, only the lower grades (grades 1 to 4) were in German. In 1973 the German department was closed due to a lack of students.

Demographics

census Ethnic structure
year Residents Romanians German Hungary Others
1880 805 335 429 22nd 19th
1900 838 380 413 28 17th
1941 794 404 338 7th 45
1977 634 483 128 8th 15th
1992 584 544 5 13 22nd

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7
  2. ↑ Wilhelm Weber : And above us the endless blue sky. Deportation to the Baragansteppe in 1951. Documentation , Landsmannschaft der Banater Schwaben , Munich 1998, ISBN 3-00002-932-X , pages = 399
  3. ↑ kia.hu (PDF; 982 kB), E. Varga: Ethnic composition of the communities in Timiș County according to the censuses from 1880-2002