Wetschehausen
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Petroasa Mare Wetschehausen Vecseháza |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Romania
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| Historical region : | Banat | ||||
| Circle : | Timiș | ||||
| Municipality : | Victor Vlad Delamarina (Satu Mic) | ||||
| Coordinates : | 45 ° 37 ' N , 21 ° 51' E | ||||
| Time zone : | EET ( UTC +2) | ||||
| Height : | 174 m | ||||
| Residents : | 888 (2002) | ||||
| Postal code : | 307464 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+40) 02 56 | ||||
| License plate : | TM | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2012) | |||||
| Community type : | Village | ||||
| Mayor : | Sima Ioan ( USL ) | ||||
Wetschehausen ( Romanian Petroasa Mare , Hungarian Vecseháza ) is a village in the Banat ( Romania ) and is located in the Timiș district about 10 km south of Lugoj ( Lugosch ). It belongs to the parish of Victor Vlad Delamarina .
Surname
According to a map after Görök and Szedius, the old name of the village was Petrosa , probably after the Petrosa brook that flows along the place, or after the stony ground that can be found to the west and east of the village. In addition, there is said to have been an inn called Petrosa on the road to Lugosch. According to a German historian, this inn was well known and feared because it was home to robbers. These are said to have attacked and plundered merchants and travelers again and again.
At the time it was founded in 1785/86, the place was initially called Morgenstern . In 1789 he was named Vecsey after the camera administrator Freiherr von Vecsey . In 1809 this name was expanded to Vecseyháza . Until the end of the First World War , the official Hungarian name was Vecseháza . The Germans call their home village Wetschehausen from 1809 until today, derived from the Hungarian version . The Romanian form (initially Pietroasa ) has been attested since 1840. After the end of the First World War, when the place came from Austria-Hungary to Romania, it was named Pietroasa Mare , then in 1968 Petroasa Mare .
Neighboring places
| Darova | Herendești | Victor Vlad Delamarina |
| Silagiu |
.svg)
|
Honorici |
| Sacoșu Mare | Visag | Pădureni |
history
The settlement in 1785/1786 took place during the reign of the Austrian Emperor Joseph II. At the same time, 14 other villages were founded, such as B. Darowa , Ebendorf , Liebling and Bakowa .
Wetschehausen was settled in the period of the third “ Swabian procession ”, ie in a time when the Banat was already settled. At that time, the area of the place consisted of jungle and bushes. The area was very unsafe because criminals lived in the forest and from there organized and carried out their raids.
When her son Josef was traveling to the Banat at the time of Archduchess Maria Theresa , he also came to this area. In response to the complaint of the inhabitants of this region, he ordered - since 1780 Emperor of the Habsburg Empire - to put an end to robbery. He gave the order to clear the forest in the area where the village is today and to start a community.
The first settlers arrived in 1785. The founding years are 1785 and 1786. In 1787 130 houses are said to have been counted. The first registers date from the year 1786. This can be taken from the rather sparse village chronicle, which was written in 1811 by pastor Michael Kollar. The first inhabitants came from Bavaria, Upper Hungary , German Bohemia and Moravia , some from Alsace and the Rhineland . The first settlers and the actual founders of the village were primarily Germans and not Hungarians. Their assertion was based on the fact that there used to be a Protestant Hungarian cemetery on the southern edge of the village. However, Protestant Hungarians probably lived in the village before the planned settlement. Because of frequent conflicts between Protestants and Catholics, Protestant Hungarians from Wetschehausen were exchanged for Catholic Germans from Rittberg (now Romanian Tormac ) in 1791 . Among the settlers from Bohemia and Upper Hungary were not only Germans but also ethnic Czechs and Slovaks . Over the decades they have been assimilated by the German majority; however, Slavic family names testified to them for a long time.
Most Hungarians were only settled here in 1809 by the nobleman Josef von Leitner. In the same year he had received patronage over the village; it was awarded by Emperor Franz . Josef von Leitner and his sons had the patronage rule of Wetschehausen for almost a hundred years and owned most of the arable land.
The first inhabitants of Wetschehausen suffered from poverty, hard work, but above all from epidemics such as plague , cholera and dysentery . Until 1864, the number of deaths consistently exceeded that of births; in addition, especially in the first few years after the settlement, many residents of the place migrated to other regions of the Banat . The least well-off were mostly left behind, so that by 1805 the community almost died out. However, the village was maintained by new and new immigrants from the area and from the Banat Heath, which was attracted by the cheap land price. As a result of the very poor conditions, the process of settling the village stretched over five decades.
The occupation of the residents was adapted to the surface shape of the area. Most of them were engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry . However, many had too little arable land to be able to live on its yields. They worked for those with more land and for the landlord Josef Leitner and his sons Emil and Gyula. They were day laborers and were called peasants. Hence the name of the rows of houses at both ends of the village, the Kleinhäuslergasse.
In 1898 Emil Leitner and in 1905 Gyula Leitner sold their property to farmers and day laborers. Particularly where there were large families, the small property was fragmented so that the number of day laborers did not decrease over time.
The soil is clayey, loamy and difficult to process; That made him cheap, but sterile. At the beginning of the 20th century and after the First World War, the cheap land price attracted several farmers from different communities in the Banat Heath. However, they mostly failed and moved away again.
After the First World War , the Timisoara Banat fell to Romania.
In addition to agriculture, numerous settlers also mastered a craft. They made many consumer goods and objects themselves, such as wooden slippers. Others worked as basket weavers, broom makers and brush makers. After the Second World War until the resettlement, some of the residents worked in the agricultural production cooperative; Most of the men drove to Lugoj every day and worked there in the factories and factories, usually as bricklayers, carpenters, tailors, joiners or locksmiths. Many women worked in the surrounding orchards.
See also
literature
- Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .
Web links
- Hometown community Wetschehausen
- Map sketch: Location of Wetschehausen in the “Romanian Banat” south of Lugoj
- Wetschehausen (article by Anton Zollner, February 1997)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Official German-language name according to Romanian government resolution 1415 of December 6, 2002 ( Official Journal )
- ^ Website of the hometown community Wetschehausen, accessed on February 16, 2010