National Banat Museum
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Hunyadi Castle |
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| Data | |
|---|---|
| place | Timișoara |
| architect | unknown |
| opening | 1872 |
| operator | |
| management |
Dan Leopold Ciobotaru
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| Website | |
The Banat National Museum ( Romanian Muzeul Național al Banatului ) is a multi-discipline museum at Piața Huniade No. 1, in the 1st district of Cetate , in Timișoara , Romania . It was established in 1872 by the Banat Society for History and Archeology ( Romanian Societatea de Istorie și Arheologie ) on the initiative of the Prefect of what was then Temes Ormós Zsigmond County . The museum had its first location in the Wellaner house , on Strada Lonovics (today Strada Augustin Pacha ) and in 1888 it moved into the specially built museum palace ( Romanian Palatul Muzeal ), today the seat of the Romanian Academy , Timișoara branch. The Banat Museum has been located in Hunyadi Castle since 1948 .
history
The foundation stone of the Banat Museum was laid when the Banat Society for History and Archeology was founded on July 25, 1872 on the initiative of Prefect Ormós Zsigmond . The first exhibits were housed in a room in the Bishop's Palace in the Diocese of Csanád .
In 1876 the Banat Society for History and Archeology received two exhibition rooms in the Wellaner House , on Strada Lonovics , where the museum was located until the interwar period. When extensive renovation work was carried out on the Wellaner house in 1887, the exhibits were temporarily stored in the old town hall . In 1889 the opening ceremony of the museum palace took place. At the Millennium Exhibition in Budapest in 1896, the Banat Museum received a third prize and a certificate of honor. Personalities who did outstanding work for the Banat Museum before the First World War were Szentkláray Jenő , Berkeszi István , Pontelly István , Patzner István , Deschán Achill , Kabdebó Gergely .
After the Banat came under Romanian administration as a result of the Treaty of Trianon on June 4, 1920, a restructuring of the museum took place under Emanuil Ungureanu , inspector of culture of Timiș County in the interwar period. Romanian personalities who contributed to the Banat Museum were Joachim Miloia , Dionisie Linția , Aurel Ciupe , Marius Moga , and Constantin Diacoviciu . Several artifacts fell victim to the Red Army during World War II . In 1948 the Banat Museum was relocated to Hunyadi Castle.
In 2016 the Banat Museum received the title of National Museum .
The 14th century building has been under renovation since March 2011. Problems with the old foundation are delaying the work, which is why the original completion date was only postponed from 2015 to 2017. After various legal proceedings, disputes and problems with water infiltration, the district council chairman Călin Dobra named 2021 as the planned year for the opening of the first wing of the building for visitors.
Departments
Department of History and Archeology
The History and Archeology Department has 19 exhibition rooms and has 350,000 artifacts. It includes objects from the Neolithic to the present day. The Neolithic is represented by ceramics and objects of everyday use. Ceramics, bronze objects and jewelry have been preserved from the Bronze Age . The Dacian period is represented by ceramics and weapons. The Roman occupation are dedicated two rooms. The archeology department also includes two collections of Greek ceramics and Egyptian art.
The coin collection with ancient and medieval coins is very extensive, with the gold pieces from the time of the emperors Augustus , Nero and Titus as well as from Byzantium being particularly valuable.
The military, archive and history subsections include engravings, maps, documents and works of art. Sculptures, reliefs, a Roman sarcophagus, an inscription from Sarmizegetusa and two tombstones complete the collection.
Neolithic sanctuary of Parța
The most valuable exhibit of the department is the Neolithic Sanctuary of Parța ( Romanian Sanctuarul Neolitic de la Parța ), also known as the Sanctuary of Parța , a completely restored sanctuary that is unique in Europe. The sanctuary of Parța is 11.5 meters long and rectangular 6 meters wide and consists of two parts, the altar chamber and the sacrificial site . On the altar there are two statues , a female deity and a bull as a symbol of fertility . The temple also served as a calendar . Exactly at the time of the equinox , the light fell through a crack and illuminated the altar. The sanctuary owes its name to the place where it was found.
Department of Natural Sciences
The Department of Natural Sciences was founded by Dionisie Linția from his rich ornithological and zoological collection. This section includes almost the entire bird world of the Banat: 3,000 stuffed birds, 1,000 nests, over 3,000 eggs, osteological and ingluvial material as well as a rich special library with thousands of volumes in different languages.
The Science Department has 50,000 exhibits organized into several collections: minerals , paleontology , dried flowers , butterflies , beetles , exotic snails and stuffed birds .
Art department
The Pinakothek includes paintings from the Italian, Flemish, German, Dutch, Austrian, Hungarian and Romanian schools as well as a collection of decorative art and a collection of modern Romanian painting. The icon collection is now housed in the basement of the Orthodox cathedral .
The collection of rural art and industrial art includes ceramics and porcelain from various manufacturers from all over Europe as well as Chinese and Persian art objects.
On January 1, 2006, the art department was converted into an independent museum with its own administration Muzeul de Artă Timișoara (German: Art Museum Timișoara ) and has since been located in the Baroque Palace on Cathedral Square .
Village museum
In 1971 the Banat Village Museum (Rum. Muzeul Satului ) was set up as a branch of the Banat Museum in the Hunting Forest (Rum. Pădurea Verde ) . On an area of 17 hectares there are 52 houses and farms as well as an ethnographic collection with specific everyday objects of village life: furniture, clothing, fabrics, tools and handicrafts. In the center of the village museum you can find the typical buildings of a Banat village: church, school, cultural center and tavern.
In July 2006, the ethnographic department of the Banat Museum was incorporated into the Village Museum.
Restoration and conservation laboratory
The local restoration and conservation laboratory , established in 1975, is the only one of its kind in all of Romania and is responsible for the restoration and conservation work of all museums across the country.
Web links
- mnab.ro , own website
- timisoara-info , Muzeul National al Banatului Timișoara
literature
- Petru Iliesu: Timisoara. History of a European City. Planetarium publishing house, Timisoara 2005, ISBN 973-97327-4-7
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c muzeulbanatului.ro ( Memento of the original from June 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Website of the Banat Museum
- ^ Banat Museum became a national museum. In: General German newspaper for Romania from May 7, 2016
- ↑ Robert Tari : Good things take time. In: General German newspaper for Romania . January 15, 2014, accessed February 27, 2017 .
- ↑ Andreea Oance: Partially open in 2021. Hunyadi Castle should be able to welcome tourists again. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Zeitung für Romania from January 31, 2019
- ↑ a b c d e Petru Iliesu: Timisoara. History of a European City. Planetarium publishing house, Timisoara 2005, ISBN 973-97327-4-7
- ↑ www.prehistory.it , Sanctuarul Neolitic de la Parta
- ↑ welcometoromania.ro , Muzeul Banatului
Coordinates: 45 ° 45 ′ 11.4 " N , 21 ° 13 ′ 37.5" E