Union of Communists of Yugoslavia

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Establishment, prohibition and reconstruction d. Party in the Kgr. Yugoslavia, role in World War II and post-war Yugoslavia, relationship to the Soviet Union, dissolution 1989/91

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Union of Communists of Yugoslavia Savez komunista Jugoslavije Савез комуниста Југославије Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија Lidhja Komuniste e Jugosllavisë Jugoszláv Kommunista Szövetség Lega dei Comunisti di Jugoslavia
founding	1919
Place of foundation	Vukovar , Yugoslavia
resolution	1990
Headquarters	Ušće Tower (1965–1990), Belgrade
newspaper	Borba
Alignment	Communism Marxism , Leninism Titoism
Colours)	red

The Union of Communists of Yugoslavia , or BdKJ for short ( Serbo-Croatian Savez komunista Jugoslavije , SKJ) was the ruling party in Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1991 . Until 1952 it was called the Communist Party of Yugoslavia , or KPJ for short.

Party flag of the BdKJ (Serbo-Croatian version) with the inscription " Proletarians of all countries, unite!"

history

Delegates of the second congress of the CPY in Vukovar (1920)

The Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPJ) was founded in 1919. In the first elections in the newly formed Kingdom of Yugoslavia , the communists achieved a surprisingly good result, although the party still had hardly any organizational structures. In 1921 the KPJ was banned as an anti-state organization. The barely 1000 members acted out of illegality until the Second World War , without being able to gain any major influence on the population. Party congresses took place abroad during this time (1922, 1923 and 1926 in Vienna , 1928 in Dresden ). Within the party, this time was marked by bitter struggles between various communist currents.

During the Second World War, from around 1942 onwards, the CPJ took the lead within the Yugoslav partisan movement, and the Communist People's Liberation Army was the strongest force in the fight against the German and Italian occupiers. In 1944/45 the communists took power and transformed Yugoslavia into a one-party state.

During the Seventh Party Congress in 1952, when the formal departure from Stalinism was carried out under Tito , the party was also given its new name, the League of Communists , which was intended to express the federal state structure of socialist Yugoslavia on behalf of the ruling party. Until 1952 the party was called the Communist Party of Yugoslavia ( serbokroat. Komunistička partija Jugoslavije , Macedon. Komunistička partija na Jugoslavija , Slovene. Komunistična partija Jugoslavije ).

During the 14th Congress of the Union of Communists of Yugoslavia (January 20-22, 1990) the union broke up.

The BdKJ in the Yugoslav republics

In 1952, appropriate parties were founded for each republic:

• Association of Communists of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Association of Communists of Croatia
• Association of Communists of Macedonia
• Union of Communists of Montenegro
• Union of Communists of Serbia
• Association of Communists of Kosovo
• Association of Communists of Vojvodina
• Association of Communists of Slovenia

Chairperson

Josip Broz Tito headed the party from 1937 until his death in 1980, initially as General Secretary, from 1963 as President of the Presidium of the BdKJ. As early as October 1978, incumbent presidents took over this office for one year because of Tito's health. After Tito's death this system of annual rotation was retained.

• 1978–1979: Branko Mikulić (1928–1994)
• 1979–1980: Stevan Doronjski (1919–1981)
• 1980–1981: Lazar Mojsov (1920–2011)
• 1981–1982: Dušan Dragosavac (1919–2014)
• 1982–1983: Mitja Ribičič (1919–2013)
• 1983–1984: Dragoslav Marković (1920–2005)
• 1984–1985: Ali Shukrija (1919–2005)
• 1985–1986: Vidoje Žarković (1927–2000)
• 1986–1987: Milanko Renovica (1928–2013)
• 1987–1988: Boško Krunić (1929–2017)
• 1988–1989: Stipe Šuvar (1936–2004)
• 1989–1990: Milan Pančevski (1935–2019)

Politburo of the CPJ as well as the Executive Committee and Presidium of the BdKJ

5th Party Congress (July 21-28, 1948)

• Politburo (9 members): Josip Broz Tito , Edvard Kardelj , Milovan Đilas , Aleksandar Ranković , Ivan Gošnjak , Moša Pijade , Boris Kidrič , Blagoje Nešković and Franc Leškovšek .
• Politburo (4 candidates): Vladimir Bakarić , Đuro Pucar , Lazar Koliševski and Svetozar Vukmanović-Tempo .

VI. Party Congress (November 2-7, 1952)

Executive Committee (members): Josip Broz Tito (General Secretary of the Executive Committee), Edvard Kardelj , Milovan Đilas (until January 17, 1954), Aleksandar Ranković , Ivan Gošnjak , Moša Pijade (until March 15, 1957), Boris Kidrič (until April 11 1953), Franc Leškovšek , Vladimir Bakarić , Đuro Pucar , Lazar Koliševski , Svetozar Vukmanović-Tempo , Petar Stambolić (from 1954), Miha Marinko (from 1955), Blažo Jovanović (from 1955).

VII Party Congress (April 22-26, 1958)

• Executive Committee (15 members): Josip Broz Tito (Secretary General of the Executive Committee), Edvard Kardelj , Aleksandar Rankovic , Ivan Gošnjak , Svetozar Vukmanović , Đuro Salaj (to 20 May 1958), Đuro Pucar , Lazar Koliševski , Francesco Leskovsek , Vladimir Bakarić , Miha Marinko , Blažo Jovanović , Petar Stambolić , Jovan Veselinov and Veljko Vlahović .
• Secretariat of the Executive Committee (5 members): Josip Broz Tito (General Secretary of the Executive Committee), Edvard Kardelj , Aleksandar Ranković , Ivan Gošnjak (until June 2nd, 1965) and Svetozar Vukmanović-Tempo (until June 2nd, 1965).

VIII Party Congress (December 1964)

• Executive Committee (19 members): Josip Broz Tito (Secretary General of the Executive Committee), Edvard Kardelj , Aleksandar Rankovic (to July 1, 1966), Veljko Vlahović , Vladimir Bakarić , Krste Crvenkovski , Ivan Gošnjak , Blažo Jovanović , Lazar Koliševski , Boris Krajger , Miha Marinko , Cvijetin Mijatović , Đorđije Pajković , Đuro Pucar , Petar Stambolić , Mika Špiljak , Mijalko Todorović (until October 4, 1966), Jovan Veselinov , Svetozar Vukmanović-Tempo and Milentije Popović (from July 1, 1966).
• Secretariat of the Executive Committee (4 members): Josip Broz Tito (June 2, 1965 to October 4, 1966 General Secretary of the Executive Committee), Aleksandar Ranković (June 2, 1965 to July 1, 1966), Edvard Kardelj (June 2, 1965 to 4. October 1966), Veljko Vlahović (June 2, 1965 to July 1, 1966) and Mijalko Todorović (from July 1, 1966).

Plenum of the Central Committee (October 4, 1966)

• Central Committee Presidium (35 members): Josip Broz Tito (President), Edvard Kardelj , Veljko Vlahović , Vladimir Bakarić , Krste Crvenkovski , Ivan Gošnjak , Blažo Jovanović , Lazar Koliševski , Boris Krajger (until January 4, 1967), Miha Marinko , Cvijetin Mijatović , Đorđije Pajković , Đuro Pucar , Petar Stambolić , Mika Špiljak , Jovan Veselinov , Svetozar Vukmanović-Tempo , Milentije Popović , Koča Popović , Marko Nikezić (from October 1968) and 16 other members.
• Executive Committee of the Central Committee (11 members): Mijalko Todorović (secretary), Mirko Tepavac (October 4, 1966 to 1967), Miroslav Pečujlić and other other members.

IX. Party Congress (March 11-16, 1969)

• Central Committee Presidium (52 ​​members): Josip Broz Tito (President), Mirko Tepavac (until January 22, 1972), Nikola Ljubičić , Lazar Koliševski (until April 1972), Krste Crvenkovski (until April 1972), Dobroslav Ćulafić , Miko Tripalo ( until January 27, 1972), Cvijetin Mijatović , Marko Nikezić (until October 21, 1972), Miroslav Pečujlić (until January 27, 1972), Veselin Đuranović , Mirko Čanadanović (until December 24, 1972), France Popit and 38 other members. Later changes: Milka Planinc (from December 14, 1971), Jure Bilić (from January 1972), Tihomir Vlaškalić (from October 1972) and Dušan Alimpić (from May 1973).
• Executive Office of the Central Committee (15 members): Josip Broz Tito (President), Mijalko Todorović (until January 27, 1972), Miroslav Pečujlić (until January 27, 1972), Veljko Vlahović (until January 27, 1972), Budislav Šoškić , Vladimir Bakarić (until January 27, 1972), Miko Tripalo (until January 27, 1972), Stane Dolanc , Edvard Kardelj (until January 27, 1972), Cvijetin Mijatović (until January 27, 1972), Nijaz Dizdarević (until January 27, 1972) , Krste Crvenkovski (until January 27, 1972), Kiro Gligorov , Fadil Hoxha and Stevan Doronjski . At the annual party conference (January 25-27, 1972), the executive office of the Central Committee was completely restructured and only had nine members, namely: Josip Broz Tito (President), Krste Avramović , Budislav Šoškić, Jure Bilić , Stane Dolanc, Todo Kurtović , Kiro Gligorov, Fadil Hoxha and Stevan Doronjski.

Xth Party Congress (May 27-30, 1974)

• Bureau of the Central Committee (39 members): Josip Broz Tito (president), Edvard Kardelj , Stane Dolanc , Vladimir Bakarić , Mika Špiljak , Jure Bilić , Petar Stambolić , Miloš Minić , Lazar Koliševski , Kiro Gligorov , Aleksandar Grličkov , cvijetin mijatović , Vojo Srzentić , Fadil Hoxha , Stevan Doronjski , Nikola Ljubičić , Dušan Alimpić , Branko Mikulić , Angel Čemerski , Tihomir Vlaškalić , Veselin Đuranović , Milka Planinc , France Popit , Mahmut Bakalli and 15 other members. Later changes from February 1975: Dobroslav Ćulafić , Dušan Popović , Ivan Kukoć , Munir Mesihović , Dragoljub Stavrev , Ali Shukrija and Dobrivoje Vidić .
• Executive Committee (12 members): Stane Dolanc , Jure Bilić , Todo Kurtović , Mirko Popović , Vojo Srzentić , Aleksandar Grličkov , Ivan Kukoć , Munir Mesihović , Dušan Popović , Dragoljub Stavrev , Ali Shukrija and Dobrivoje Vidić .

XI. Party Congress (June 20-23, 1978)

• President of the Presidium: Josip Broz Tito (President, until May 4, 1980), Chairperson of the Presidium: Branko Mikulić (October 19, 1978 to October 23, 1979), Stevan Doronjski (October 23, 1979 to October 20, 1980), Lazar Mojsov (October 20, 1980 to October 20, 1981), Dušan Dragosavac (October 20, 1981 to June 29, 1982), Secretaries of the Presidium: Stane Dolanc (June 23, 1978 to May 15, 1979), Dušan Dragosavac (15. May 1979 to October 20, 1981) and Dobroslav Ćulafić (October 20, 1981 to June 29, 1982).
• Presidium (14 members): Edvard Kardelj (until February 10, 1979), Stane Dolanc , Vladimir Bakarić , Dušan Dragosavac , Petar Stambolić (until October 10, 1981), Miloš Minić , Cvijetin Mijatović (until June 18, 1979), Branko Mikulić , Veselin Đuranović , Vidoje Žarković (until June 18, 1979), Lazar Koliševski (until June 18, 1979), Aleksandar Grličkov , Fadil Hoxha , Stevan Doronjski (until August 14, 1981), Dobroslav Ćulafić , Lazar Mojsov , Hamdija Pozderac , Andrej Marinc , Dragoslav Marković (from October 1, 1981), Dušan Alimpić (from October 1, 1981) and 10 other members by virtue of office: Josip Broz Tito (President, until May 4, 1980), France Popit (until April 1982), Milka Planinc (until May 16, 1982), Tihomir Vlaškalić (until May 1982), Nikola Stojanović , Vojo Srzentić , Angel Čemerski (until May 1982), Mahmut Bakalli (until May 6, 1981), Dušan Alimpić (until April 28, 1981) , Nikola Ljubičić , Boško Krunić (from April 28, 1981) and Velli Deva (from May 6, 1981).
• Executive Secretariat of the Central Committee: Milan Daljević , Milojko Drulović , Pavle Gaži , Trpe Jakovlevski , Vlado Janžić , Ferhad Kotorić , Nandor Major , Marko Orlandić and Đuro Trbović .

XII. Party Congress (June 26-29, 1982)

• President of the Presidium: Mitja Ribičič (June 29, 1982 to June 30, 1983), Dragoslav Marković (June 30, 1983 to June 26, 1984), Ali Shukrija (June 26, 1984 to June 25, 1985) and Vidoje Žarković (25 June 1985 to June 28, 1986), Secretaries of the Presidium: Nikola Stojanović (June 29, 1982 to June 26, 1984) and Dimče Belovski (June 26, 1984 to June 28, 1986).
• Presidium (14 members): Vladimir Bakarić (until January 16, 1983), Dušan Dragosavac , Dimče Belovski , Kiro Hadži Vasilev , Franjo Herljević (until June 26, 1984), Nikola Stojanović , Milan Kučan , Mitja Ribičič , Dragoslav Marković , Dobrivoje Vidić , Veljko Milatović (until July 30, 1984), Miljan Radović , Petar Matić , Ali Shukrija , Jure Bilić (from July 1, 1983), Hamdija Pozderac (from June 26, 1984), Vidoje Žarković (from July 30, 1984) and 9 additional members by virtue of office: Jure Bilić (until July 1, 1983), Krste Markovski (until May 5, 1984), Hamdija Pozderac (until May 28, 1984), Andrej Marinc , Dušan Čkrebić (until May 17, 1984), Dobroslav Ćulafić (until May 1984), Marko Đuričin (until April 28, 1983), Sinan Hasani (until May 1983), Dane Ćuić (until May 1984), Josip Vrhovec (July 1, 1983 to May 5, 1984), Slavko Veselinov ( April 28, 1983 to April 28, 1984), Ilaz Kurteshi (May 1983 to April 28, 1984), Boško Krunić (April 28, 1984 to April 24, 1985), Svetislav Dolašević (April 26, 1984 to 1985), Vidoj e Žarković (May to July 30, 1984), Georgije Jovičić (from May 1984), Mato Andrić (28. May 1984 to July 1985), Mika Špiljak (from May 15, 1984), Kolë Shiroka (from 1985), Milan Pančevski (from May 5, 1984), Marko Orlandić (from July 30, 1984), Ivan Stambolić (from May 1985 ), Đorđe Stojšić (from April 24, 1984), Radiša Gačić (May 17, 1984 to 1985) and Uglješa Uzelac (from July 1985).
• Executive Secretariat of the Central Committee: Trpe Jakovlevski , Vlado Janžić and Marko Lolić .

XIII. Party Congress (June 25-28, 1986)

• President of the Presidium: Milanko Renovica (June 28, 1986 to June 30, 1987), Boško Krunić (June 30, 1987 to June 30, 1988), Stipe Šuvar (June 30, 1988 to May 17, 1989), Milan Pančevski (17 May 1989 to May 17, 1990), Miomir Grbović (May 17 to May 26, 1990); Secretaries of the Presidium: Radiša Gačić (June 28, 1986 to June 30, 1988), Štefan Korošec (June 30, 1988 to 1990), Petar Škundrić (1990).
• Presidium (14 members): Ivan Brigić , Milanko Renovica (until October 17, 1988), Ivica Račan (until December 13, 1989), Stipe Šuvar (until May 17, 1989), Kolë Shiroka (until October 17, 1988), Milan Pančevski (until May 17, 1990), Vasil Tupurkovski (until July 26, 1989), Marko Orlandić (until January 11, 1989), Vidoje Žarković (until January 11, 1989), Dušan Čkrebić , Radiša Gačić (until May 1989), Štefan Korošec , Franc Šetinc (until October 26, 1988), Boško Krunić (until October 1, 1988), Uglješa Uzelac (from May 1989), Jusuf Zejnullahu (from May 1989), Miomir Grbović (from May 1989), Perko Vukotić ( from May 1989), Petar Škundrić (from May 1989), Boris Mužević (from May 1989), Stanko Radmilović (May to 5 December 1989), Ljubomir Varošlija (from 20 October 1989) and 9 other members by virtue of office: Uglješa Uzelac (until May 1988), Stanko Stojčević (until December 13, 1989), Azem Vllasi (until May 1988), Jakov Lazarovski , Miljan Radović (until January 11, 1989), Slobodan Milošević (until May 24, 1989), Đorđe Stojšić ( till May 1988), Georgije Jovičić (until April 28, 1988), Abdulah Mutapčić (until June 29, 1989), Kaqusha Jashari (May to November 17, 1988), Milovan Šogorov (May to October 6, 1988), Petar Šimić (from May 28 , 1988) April 1988), Boško Kovačević (14. October 1988 to January 20, 1989), Rrahman Morina (from January 27, 1989), Nedeljko Šipovac (from January 20, 1989), Momir Bulatović (from April 28, 1989), Bogdan Trifunović (from May 24, 1989), Nijaz Duraković (June 29, 1989 to March 1990).
• Executive Secretariat of the Central Committee: Slobodan Filipović , Marko Lolić , Vukašin Lončar , Boris Mužević , Stanislav Stojanović , Uglješa Uzelac , Ljubomir Varošlija .

XIV Party Congress (January 20-22, 1990)

During the XIV Congress of the Union of Communists of Yugoslavia (January 20-22, 1990), the union broke up.

literature

Secondary literature
overview

• Holm Sundhaussen , Yugoslavia. In: Lexicon on the history of parties in Europe , ed. v. Frank Wende, 1981, ISBN 3-520-81001-8 , pp. 335-338
• League of Communists of Yugoslavia. In: Communist and Marxist parties of the world , 2nd ed., 1990, ISBN 0-582-06038-9 , pp. 229-234
• Savez Komunista Yugoslavije. In: Enciklopedija Jugoslavije . 1st edition, Volume 7 (1968)

Individual aspects

• Othmar Nikola Haberl: The emancipation of the CP of Yugoslavia from the control of the Comintern / CPSU. (= Studies on contemporary studies in Southeastern Europe. 8) , 1974
• Dejan Jovic: The breakdown of elite ideological consensus. The prelude to the disintegration of Yugoslavia (1974-1990). 1999.
• Harold Lydall: Yugoslav socialism. Theory and Practice. 1984, ISBN 0-19-828481-0 .
• Pierre Maurer: The Tito-Stalin split in historical perspective (= Bradford studies on Yugoslavia. 11). Bradford 1987.
• Kosta Nikolic: Komunisti u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji. Od socijal-Demokratie do staljinizma. Beograd 2000.
• Richard West: Tito and the rise and fall of Yugoslavia. London 1996, ISBN 1-85619-741-7 .
• Fred Warner Neal: The Communist Party of Yugoslavia. In: The American Political Science Review. Vol. 51.1957, pp. 88-111.

swell

• Program of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. Beograd 1948.
• Statement of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in regard to the resolution of the Information Bureau of Communist Parties on the situation in the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, ed. v .: Savez komunista Jugoslavije. Centralni comites. [Beograd] 1948

Web links

Commons : Union of Communists of Yugoslavia  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• List of the members of the Politburo of the BdKJ