Miha Marinko

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Miha Marinko (1968)

Miha Marinko (born September 8, 1900 in Trbovlje ; † August 19, 1983 in Ljubljana ) was a Yugoslav politician of the Union of Communists of Yugoslavia (BdKJ), who was Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Slovenia between 1946 and 1953 and secretary from 1948 to 1966 of the League of Communists of Slovenia was. He was also President of the People's Republic of Slovenia from 1953 to 1962.

Life

Origin, start of political engagement and stays abroad

Miha Marinko came from a humble background and grew up as an illegitimate child without a father. After attending primary school in Trbovlje, where he was born, and two years at an elementary school, he had to work in a glass factory at the age of twelve. At the beginning of the First World War he lost his job and became an orphan after the death of his mother. In 1916 he took up a job as a miner in Kotredež and began his involvement in the labor movement . In 1919 he became a member of the League of Communist Youth SKOJ (Savez komunističke omladine Jugoslavije) and in 1923 of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) and was first arrested in 1924 for his political work. He was also an opponent of the fascist organization of Yugoslav Nationalists ORJUNA (Organizacija Jugoslavenskih Nacionalista) . In the following years he was arrested another fourteen times and lost his job in the mine, whereupon he worked again in a glassworks in Zagorje ob Savi . After a strike over low wages, he went to France as a miner , where he also joined the Parti communiste français (PCF). He was involved as a representative of Slovenian emigrants in the French miners' union and correspondent for the newspaper Glas delavcev in kmetov iz Jugoslavije v Franciji in Belgiji , the voice of the workers and farmers of Yugoslavia in France and Belgium .

At the end of 1929, when the news of the beginning of a severe global economic crisis spread, Marinko wanted to emigrate to the Soviet Union . He only succeeded in doing this in 1931, when, through the intervention of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Germany , he was able to go to Moscow via Berlin . After a preparatory course in Moscow, he completed two semesters at the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West (KUNMS). In March 1933 he was recalled to Yugoslavia by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPJ).

Party official in Slovenia and World War II

Miha Marinko (1946)

In mid-1933, when the party began moving from narrow confinement to solving all burning problems of the working class and other working classes and oppressed Yugoslav nations, he became secretary of the CPY Central Committee for Slovenia. He founded, consolidated and directed party organizations and participated in the formulation of communist party politics. In 1934 he was arrested and, after being detained in the remand prison, deported to Trbovlje, although the police could not prove any communist activity. However, he was no longer able to perform the tasks of the secretary of the JPY for Slovenia, as he was under constant control of the police authorities. However, he remained politically active and was elected to the Central Committee of the CPJ at the end of December 1934 and was a member of this central leadership body of the Communist Party until 1969. In April 1935 he returned to work in the Communist Party for Slovenia and organized two illegal party meetings. In the spring of 1937, Edvard Kardelj commissioned Marinko with the technical organization of the founding congress of the Communist Party of Slovenia (KPS), in whose central committee he was elected. During a party campaign in support of the government of the Second Spanish Republic in July 1937, he brought parachutists via Austria and Switzerland to France, from where they went to Spain. After numerous complications and arrests in Austria and escaping, the volunteers arrived in Paris, where he met with Prežihov Voranc and Edvard Kardelj and wrote a comprehensive report on the plight of the miners. He then went back to Yugoslavia with a forged Czech passport at the request of the Central Committee, where he returned to Trbovlje after his arrest and a short prison sentence in Braslovče .

As a member of the Central Committee of the KPS, he was also secretary of the KPS district committee. When General Secretary Josip Broz Tito assembled the Central Committee of the Communist Party in March 1939, Miho Marinko was confirmed as a member of the Central Committee. After Adolf Hitler's attack on Poland and at the beginning of the Second World War , there were calls for weapons exercises. He was in a unit in Radvanje near Maribor , where he determined the defense readiness of the army in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia by order of the Communist Party . In the following months he participated in the establishment of the Union of Working People of Slovenia ZDLS (Zveze delovnega ljudstva Slovenije) . In February 1940 he went to Zagreb to work underground. However, he was arrested and detained again. After his release, Tito sent him to Bosnia and Herzegovina as a party instructor of the Communist Party , where he and leading Bosnian communists visited party organizations in all important industrial areas. After several months of illegal political activities in Bosnia, he returned to Slovenia as an illegal immigrant and became co-editor of Nove Ljudske pravice .

After the beginning of the Balkan campaign and the invasion of the German armed forces in April 1941, he joined the Yugoslav army as a volunteer. After their breakup, he participated as a member of the People's Liberation Army in November (Narodnooslobodilačka vojska) in the preparation of the armed uprising against the occupiers, on the formation of the Committee of the Anti-imperialist Front and led the main committee of the People's Aid, supported the victims of occupation violence. At the beginning of the armed uprising of the Liberation Front OF ( Osvobodilna Fronta ) in June 1941, he succeeded Boris Kidrič as Political Commissar in the High Command of the Slovenian Partisan Forces of the NOV. First he was sent to Styria with the task of promoting the broadest possible spectrum of national liberation struggles. In August 1941 he was replaced by Boris Kidrič as political commissioner of the Slovenian NOV and appointed to work in the party in Bosnia. In September he took part in a partisan meeting in Stolica . In October 1941 he was given the task of forming a strong partisan unit from the Unterrain and Weißkrain partisan groups and members of the National Guard, and with it and the Styrian partisan battalion to prevent the occupation of the Slovenes from Posavje and Obsotelje with general resistance. He attacked a German and Italian unit and returned to Ljubljana. He was arrested here in December 1941, tortured in the prisons of the Italian and German police, and sentenced to 30 years in prison for possessing illegal material. After 21 months imprisonment in the Italian prison of Castelfranco , he returned to Slovenia with the help of the KPS with forged documents. In the spring of 1944 he took part in the implementation of the national liberation struggle in Slovenia, especially in Lower Carniola and White Carniola.

Post-war period, Secretary of the KPS, Prime Minister and President of Slovenia

Miha Marinko giving a speech in the 1960s

After the liberation of Yugoslavia, Miha Marinko became a member of the People's Assembly of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia and employee of the personnel department of the Central Committee of the CPY in 1945. On June 15, 1946, he succeeded Boris Kidrič as Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Slovenia and held this position until December 15, 1953, when Boris Kraigher succeeded him. In 1948 he also took over from Edvard Kardelj as secretary of the Communist Party of Slovenia, which in 1952 renamed itself to the Association of Communists of Slovenia (BdKS). He held this position for 18 years until October 1966 and was then replaced by Albert Jakopič . He was also a member of the National Assembly of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia from 1953 to 1967 and of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) since 1967 .

On December 16, 1953, Marinko succeeded Ferdo Kozak as President of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia and was thus President of Slovenia until June 9, 1962, after which Vida Tomšič succeeded him. On the VI. Party Congress (November 2 to 7, 1952) he became a member of the Executive Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, renamed the Union of Communists of Yugoslavia (BdKJ). He was confirmed as a member of this top management body at the VII Party Congress (April 22-26, 1958) and at the VIII Party Congress (December 1964). At the plenum of the Central Committee on October 4, 1966, he finally became a member of the Presidium of the Central Committee, which he held until the IX. Party Congress (March 11-16, 1969). In addition, he was a member of the People's Defense Council of the SFJR between 1964 and 1968 and a member of the Federal Council of the Federal Assembly between 1963 and 1967.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Slovenia: Prime Minister in Rulers
  2. ^ The A to Z of Slovenia , p. 509
  3. ^ Slovenia: Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in Rulers
  4. ^ The A to Z of Slovenia , p. 509
  5. ^ Slovenia: Presidents of the Presidency of Socialist Republic of Slovenia in Rulers
  6. ^ The A to Z of Slovenia , p. 509
  7. ↑ VI. Party Congress 1952
  8. ^ VII. Party Congress
  9. ^ VIII. Party Congress
  10. ^ Plenum of the Central Committee (October 4, 1966)
personal data
SURNAME Marinko, Miha
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Yugoslav politician
DATE OF BIRTH September 8, 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH Trbovlje , Austria-Hungary , today: Slovenia
DATE OF DEATH August 19, 1983
Place of death Ljubljana , Slovenia