Member States of the European Union

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The 27 European states that are members of the European Union (EU) are referred to as member states of the European Union or EU member states, in short: EU member states or EU member states . They are also referred to as union members and, more rarely, union member states .

Member States of the EU

Overview

country Name in local language code
01 BelgiumBelgium Belgium België • Belgique • Belgium BE
02 BulgariaBulgaria Bulgaria България BG
03 DenmarkDenmark Denmark Danmark DK
04th GermanyGermany Germany Germany DE
05 EstoniaEstonia Estonia Eesti EE
06th FinlandFinland Finland Suomi • Finland FI
07th FranceFrance France France FR
08th GreeceGreece Greece Ελλάδα / Ελλάς GR
09 IrelandIreland Ireland Éire • Ireland IE
10 ItalyItaly Italy Italia IT
11 CroatiaCroatia Croatia Hrvatska MR
12 LatviaLatvia Latvia Latvija LV
13 LithuaniaLithuania Lithuania Lietuva LT
14th LuxembourgLuxembourg Luxembourg Lëtzebuerg • Luxembourg • Luxembourg LU
15th MaltaMalta Malta Malta MT
16 NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands Nederland NL
17th AustriaAustria Austria Austria AT
18th PolandPoland Poland Polska PL
19th PortugalPortugal Portugal Portugal PT
20th RomaniaRomania Romania România RO
21st SwedenSweden Sweden Sverige SE
22nd SlovakiaSlovakia Slovakia Slovensko SK
23 SloveniaSlovenia Slovenia Slovenija SI
24 SpainSpain Spain España IT
25th Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic Česko CZ
26th HungaryHungary Hungary Magyarország HU
27 Cyprus RepublicRepublic of Cyprus Cyprus Κύπρος • Kıbrıs CY
Candidate countries
AlbaniaAlbania Albania Shqipëria AL
MontenegroMontenegro Montenegro Crna Gora • Црна Гора ME
North MacedoniaNorth Macedonia North Macedonia Северна Македонија • Severna Makedonija • Maqedonia e Veriut MK
SerbiaSerbia Serbia Србија • Srbija RS
TurkeyTurkey Turkey Türkiye TR
former member
United KingdomUnited Kingdom United Kingdom GB
Österreich Belgien Bulgarien Republik Zypern Tschechien Deutschland Dänemark Dänemark Estland Spanien Finnland Frankreich Frankreich Griechenland Griechenland Ungarn Irland Italien Italien Italien Litauen Luxemburg Lettland Niederlande Polen Portugal Rumänien Schweden Slowenien Slowakei Island Montenegro Nordmazedonien Kroatien Türkei Türkei Malta Serbien Albanien Kanarische Inseln (Spanien) Azoren (Portugal) Madeira (Portugal) Französisch-Guayana (Frankreich) Guadeloupe (Frankreich) Réunion (Frankreich) Martinique (Frankreich) Mayotte (Frankreich)Member States (blue) and candidate countries (yellow) of the EU (clickable map)
About this picture
Canarias = Canaries (ES)
Mad. = Madeira (PT)
GP = Guadeloupe (FR)
MQ = Martinique (FR)
Açores = Azores (PT)
GF = French Guiana (FR)
RE = Réunion (FR)
YT = Mayotte (FR)

List of Member States

The official designation for statistical measurements are:

  • EWG-6: up to and including 1972 (see European Economic Community )
  • EG-9: up to and including 1980
  • EG-10: up to and including 1985
  • EG-12: up to and including 1994 (see European Communities )
  • EU-15: up to and including April 2004
  • EU-25: up to and including 2006 (see EU enlargement 2004 )
  • EU-27_2007 (originally EU-27 ): up to and including June 2013
  • EU-28: up to and including January 2020
  • EU-27_2020 (partly also EU-27_2019 ): since February 1, 2020 (see UK exit from the EU )
see also EA / Euro-11 to 19 for the Eurozone

By sorting the list according to the year of accession, the individual countries of these statistical groups can be read; for more details see EU enlargement .

Country ISO 3166
Alpha-2
accession Capital Population
2018
Area
in km²
Inhabitants / km² GDP in
billion euros
2016
GDP per
capita 2016
in euros
GDP per
capita in
PPS 2016
BelgiumBelgium Belgium BE January 1, 1958 Brussels 11,398,589 30,528 373 423,048 37,500 118
GermanyGermany Germany DE January 1, 1958
(October 3, 1990)
(Bonn)
Berlin
82,792,351 357.340 232 3,144.050 38,100 123
FranceFrance France FR January 1, 1958 Paris 66.962.166 632.834 106 2,228,857 33,300 104
ItalyItaly Italy IT January 1, 1958 Rome 60,483,973 302.073 200 1,680,523 27,700 97
LuxembourgLuxembourg Luxembourg LU January 1, 1958 Luxembourg 602.005 2,586 233 53.005 90,700 258
NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands NL January 1, 1958 Amsterdam 17.181.084 41,540 414 702.641 41,300 128
DenmarkDenmark Denmark DK 1st January 1973 Copenhagen 5,781,190 42,921 135 277,489 48,400 124
IrelandIreland Ireland IE 1st January 1973 Dublin 4,830,392 69,797 69 275.567 58,800 183
GreeceGreece Greece GR January 1, 1981 Athens 10,741,165 131,957 81 174.199 16,200 68
PortugalPortugal Portugal PT January 1, 1986 Lisbon 10.291.027 92,225 112 185.180 17,900 77
SpainSpain Spain IT January 1, 1986 Madrid 46,658,447 505.970 92 1,118,522 24,100 92
FinlandFinland Finland FI January 1, 1995 Helsinki 5,513,130 338.435 16 215.615 39,200 109
AustriaAustria Austria AT January 1, 1995 Vienna 8,822,267 83,879 105 353.297 40,400 128
SwedenSweden Sweden SE January 1, 1995 Stockholm 10.120.242 438,574 23 465.186 46,900 123
EstoniaEstonia Estonia EE May 1, 2004 Tallinn 1,319,133 45.227 29 21,098 16,000 75
LatviaLatvia Latvia LV May 1, 2004 Riga 1,934,379 64,573 30th 24.927 12,700 65
LithuaniaLithuania Lithuania LT May 1, 2004 Vilnius 2,808,901 65,300 43 38.668 13,500 75
MaltaMalta Malta MT May 1, 2004 Valletta 475.701 316 1,505 9,927 22,700 96
PolandPoland Poland PL May 1, 2004 Warsaw 37,976,687 312,679 121 425.980 11,100 68
SlovakiaSlovakia Slovakia SK May 1, 2004 Bratislava 5,443,120 49,035 111 81.154 14,900 77
SloveniaSlovenia Slovenia SI May 1, 2004 Ljubljana 2,066,880 20,273 102 40,418 19,600 83
Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic CZ May 1, 2004 Prague 10.610.055 78,867 135 176.564 16,700 88
HungaryHungary Hungary HU May 1, 2004 Budapest 9,778,371 93.024 105 113.731 11,600 67
Cyprus RepublicRepublic of Cyprus Cyprus CY May 1, 2004 Nicosia 864.236 9,251 93 18.123 21,300 83
BulgariaBulgaria Bulgaria BG January 1, 2007 Sofia 7,050,034 111.002 64 48.129 6,800 49
RomaniaRomania Romania RO January 1, 2007 Bucharest 19,530,631 238.391 82 169.578 8,600 58
CroatiaCroatia Croatia MR July, 1st 2013 Zagreb 4,105,493 56,594 73 46.382 11,100 60
European UnionEuropean Union European Union EU - Brussels 446.141.649 4,215,191 106 12,511.874 29,100 * 100 *

* outdated data including the UK


Notes on the list
  1. Originally the abbreviation EU-27 referred to the 27 member states before the accession of Croatia. Since this designation is not clear due to the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU (Brexit), the Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat) has decided to use the designation EU-27_2007. In the Eurostat databases, this change will take effect on 3 March 2020.
  2. For the 27 EU member states remaining after Brexit, the designation EU-27_2019 was initially chosen with regard to the planned exit date. However, since the exit did not take place until 2020, the name EU-27_2020 results. In the Eurostat databases, this change will take effect on 3 March 2020.

Candidate countries (candidate countries)

code country Capital population
2017
Area
in km²
GDP 2013
(billion euros)
GDP per capita
in PPS 2013 ( euros )
GDP per capita
in PPS 2016 (EU28 = 100)
status
AL Albania
Flag of Albania.svg Albania
Tirana 2,886,026 28,748 21.7 7,800 29 Candidate status since June 24, 2014
MK North Macedonia
Flag of North Macedonia.svg North Macedonia
Skopje 2,073,702 25,713 18.7 9,000 37 Candidate status since December 17, 2005
ME Montenegro
Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro
Podgorica 622,387 13,812 6.7 10,700 45 Accession negotiations since June 29, 2012
(3 of 33 chapters closed, 33 opened)
RS Serbia
Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia
Belgrade 7,040,272 77,474 66.5 9,300 37 Accession negotiations since January 21, 2014
(2 of 34 chapters closed, 18 opened)
TR Turkey
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey
Ankara 79.814.871 779.452 1,067.8 14,100 64 Accession negotiations since October 3, 2005
(1 of 33 chapters closed, 18 opened, 8 suspended)


Other potential candidate countries are
Bosnia and Herzegovina (application for membership submitted on February 15, 2016) and Kosovo . Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina KosovoKosovo 

Special areas

Some areas that belong to or are administered by EU states have a special legal status vis-à-vis the European Union. In many cases these are overseas and former colonial areas.

Overseas territories of Member States that are wholly part of the EU

Some EU member states have overseas territories, which, however, are fully integrated into their state structure and do not have any special role vis-à-vis the EU. They have the same status as other regions in mainland Europe. It refers to:

Territories that belong to the EU but not to the customs union

Some areas belong to EU member states and are also part of the EU, but do not take part in the internal market and do not belong to the customs territory of the EU, but mostly to the euro zone (marked with *)

Associated areas

Some overseas territories of EU member states are associated with the European Union as overseas countries and sovereign territories within the meaning of Part 4 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union , but are not part of it. In these countries and territories only individual aspects of European law apply , e.g. B. sporadic membership of the Eurozone (marked with *)

Areas that do not belong to the EU

Some other areas are represented in foreign policy by EU member states, but do not belong to the territory of the EU and are not associated with it:

  • Faroe Islands as a Danish autonomous region (was never part of the EC)
  • Algeria (from 1957 to 1962 as a colony of France, member of the EC)

European dwarf states

European mini states with special EU legal status

The EU maintains special and intensive relationships with the European miniature states. Each small state is fully independent , but is in a customs and currency union with a neighboring country, which itself maintains close ties to the EU, either through its own membership or through bilateral agreements . As a result, the dwarf state also benefits from the EU customs regulations , although Liechtenstein has special regulations due to the customs union with Switzerland . Apart from Liechtenstein, the dwarf states have been using the euro as their currency unit since 2002 ; Andorra , Monaco , San Marino and Vatican City have their own euro coins. Nevertheless, these states are not members of the EU:

European small states
Small state Customs and Monetary Union with
AndorraAndorra Principality of Andorra SpainSpain Kingdom of Spain
LiechtensteinLiechtenstein Principality of Liechtenstein SwitzerlandSwitzerland Swiss Confederation
MonacoMonaco Principality of Monaco FranceFrance French Republic
San MarinoSan Marino Republic of San Marino ItalyItaly Italian Republic
Vatican cityVatican Vatican City State ItalyItaly Italian Republic

Often counted among the European dwarf states , Malta has been a full member of the EU since the EU was enlarged in 2004 . Luxembourg, which is also very small, is a founding member of the EU's predecessor, the European Economic Community (EEC).

See also

Portal: European Union  - Overview of Wikipedia content on the subject of the European Union

literature

  • Andreas von Gehlen: Party democracies. To legitimize the EU member states through political parties . De Gruyter Oldenbourg, Berlin / Boston 2017, ISBN 978-3-11-056412-9 .
  • Armin von Bogdandy , Pedro Cruz Villalón , Peter M. Huber (eds.): Handbuch Ius Publicum Europaeum :
    • Volume 1. Diana Zacharias, Leonard Besselink: Basics and basic features of state constitutional law . CF Müller, Heidelberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-8114-3541-4 .
    • Volume 2. Diana Zacharias, Stanisław Biernat: Open statehood; Science of Constitutional Law . CF Müller, Heidelberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-8114-6301-1 .
    • Volume 3. Diana Zacharias, Jean-Bernard Auby: Administrative Law in Europe: Basics . CF Müller, Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-8114-9808-2 .
  • Constitutions of the EU member states . Text edition, introduction and subject index by Adolf Kimmel and Christiane Kimmel (dtv 5554: Beck texts in dtv ). 6th, updated edition, dtv / Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-423-05554-5 (dtv) / ISBN 3-406-53461-9 (Beck).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. See an overview of all EU countries (here for the individual countries: EU member states ), The EU - in brief (here: (EU) member states, member states ), search for member states ; European Union website, accessed June 22, 2019.
  2. Glossary: ​​EU enlargements and Glossary: ​​Euro area enlargements , both Eurostat, epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
  3. a b European Commission> Eurostat> Help> Frequently asked questions> Brexit. Retrieved February 3, 2020 .
  4. Eurostat , Population on 1st January. As of 2018.
  5. Eurostat: Area by NUTS 3 Region. Status 2014.
    Note: In addition to the eponymous data set for the NUTS 3 level, the Eurostat source also contains aggregated data for NUTS 2, NUTS 1 and the relevant national level NUTS 0).
  6. a b Eurostat , gross domestic product at market prices. As of December 20, 2017, accessed on January 3, 2018.
  7. Eurostat , GDP per capita in PPS. As of December 1, 2017, accessed on January 3, 2018.
  8. This population information is for the entire French Republic.
  9. According to the World Fact Book of the CIA, the area of ​​the entire French Republic is 643,801 km², which is about 11,000 km² above the Eurostat value. According to the Foreign Office, the area of ​​the " French metropolitan area " without overseas islands and territories is 543,965 km² , according to the CIA 551,500 km² .
  10. Sweden without the four great lakes Vänern, Vättern, Mälaren and Hjälmaren.
  11. Eurostat , Population on 1st January (as of 2017, accessed on 3rd January 2018)
  12. Gross domestic product in PPS List of countries based on gross domestic product data from 2013
  13. Gross domestic product per capita in PPS List of countries according to gross domestic product per capita data from 2013
  14. Eurostat , GDP per capita in PPS (as of December 1, 2017, accessed on January 3, 2018)
  15. www.tagesspiegel.de
  16. Delegation of the European Union in Liechtenstein, the Principality of Liechtenstein and the EU ; see also resolution of the EEA Council No. 1/95 of March 10, 1995 on the entry into force of the EEA Agreement for the Principality of Liechtenstein .