European Union territory

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Österreich Belgien Bulgarien Republik Zypern Tschechien Deutschland Dänemark Dänemark Estland Spanien Finnland Frankreich Frankreich Griechenland Griechenland Ungarn Irland Italien Italien Italien Litauen Luxemburg Lettland Niederlande Polen Portugal Rumänien Schweden Slowenien Slowakei Island Montenegro Nordmazedonien Kroatien Türkei Türkei Malta Serbien Albanien Kanarische Inseln (Spanien) Azoren (Portugal) Madeira (Portugal) Französisch-Guayana (Frankreich) Guadeloupe (Frankreich) Réunion (Frankreich) Martinique (Frankreich) Mayotte (Frankreich)
Member States (blue) and candidate countries (yellow) of the EU (clickable map)

The territory of the European Union basically comprises the national territories of the member states and represents the sphere of activity of the European Union . It is between

to distinguish. Other differences result, among other things, from the non-participation of certain states or areas in policy areas of the European Union, such as the common currency.

For example, the northern part of the island of Cyprus belongs to the Republic of Cyprus under international law and thus to the territory of the EU . However, it is not under the control of the Republic of Cyprus. The law of the European Union is suspended there. France is a member of the EU under international law with all of its departments and the Collectivité Saint-Martin . Other French areas are not part of the European Union and are considered third countries for customs purposes. For Germany , all areas of the Federal Republic of Germany are part of the European Union, with Heligoland , the Büsingen exclave on the Upper Rhine, as well as the free ports and the duty-free areas of the airports not belonging to the customs area.

In addition, there are areas that are under the sovereignty of an EU member state , as well as states that are represented internationally by a member state that are not or only partially part of the European Union.

Outermost regions ("GÄR" or "OMR")

Map of the overseas countries and territories (green) and the outermost regions (blue)

According to Art. 349 in conjunction with Art. 355 (1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), for the " Outermost regions " (or Outermost regions ; marked in the table with "GÄR"), taking into account their special social and economic situation (e.g. remoteness or economic dependence on a few products), specific measures and benefits are adopted that are exceptions to otherwise applicable provisions of European law. Despite these exceptions, these areas are fully fledged parts of EU territory.

Overseas countries and territories ("OCT" or "OCT")

After the fourth part of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ( Art. 198 bis 204 TFEU ), the "Overseas countries and territories" (or are Overseas countries and territories ) associated with the European Union. This means that there are no customs duties, especially in trade with these areas. Although they partially belong to the territory of a member state of the European Union, in principle they do not belong to the European Union, although individual aspects of European law also apply there.

Overview of special features in the areas of the member states of the European Union

These special features, listed by way of example in the introduction, are shown in the following table according to the Member States concerned.

Member States and Territories Part of the EU
Applicable to European law
EURATOM Union citizenship Election of the European Parliament Schengen area VAT Union of
the EU
Customs territory
of the EU
Euro
Belgium
Flag of Belgium.svg Belgium
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Bulgaria
Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not introduced Yes Yes no, BGN
Denmark
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes no, DKK
FrerFlag of the Faroe Islands.svgFaroe Islands No No No No No No
(but no border controls)
No No no, DKK
GreenlandFlag of Greenland.svgGreenland OCT Minimal No No No No
(but no border controls)
No No no, DKK
Germany
Flag of Germany.svg Germany
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
BsingenDEU Büsingen am Hochrhein COA.svgBüsingen Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No official: only EUR
factual: also CHF
HeligolandFlag of Helgoland.svgHeligoland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes
Estonia
Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Finland
Flag of Finland.svg Finland
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
AlandFlag of Åland.svgÅland Yes With exceptions Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
France
Flag of France.svg France
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
GuayanafFlag of French Guiana.svgFrench Guiana Yes With exceptions (GÄR) Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
PolynesiaFlag of French Polynesia.svgFrench Polynesia OCT Minimal Yes Yes Yes No No No no, XPF
French South and Antarctic Lands
Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.svg French Southern and Antarctic Lands
OCT Minimal Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes
GuadeloupeFlag of France.svgGuadeloupe Yes With exceptions (GÄR) Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
MartiniqueSnake Flag of Martinique.svgMartinique Yes With exceptions (GÄR) Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
MayotteFlag of France.svgMayotte Yes With exceptions (GÄR) Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
New CaledoniaFlag of France.svgNew Caledonia OCT Minimal Yes Yes Yes No No No no, XPF
RunionFlag of Réunion.svgReunion Yes With exceptions (GÄR) Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
SaintBarthlemyFlag of France.svgSaint Barthelemy OCT Minimal Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes
SaintMartinFlag of France.svgSaint Martin Yes With exceptions (GÄR) Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
SaintPierreundMiquelonFlag of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.svgSaint-Pierre and Miquelon OCT Minimal Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes
Wallis and FutunaFlag of Wallis and Futuna.svgWallis and Futuna OCT Minimal Yes Yes Yes No No No no, XPF
Clipperton IslandFlag of France.svgClipperton Island ??? ??? Yes Yes, but uninhabited No No No No ???
Greece
Flag of Greece.svg Greece
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
AthosFlag of the Greek Orthodox Church.svgAthos Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes With exceptions No Yes Yes
Ireland
Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Police and judicial cooperation only Yes Yes Yes
Italy
Flag of Italy.svg Italy
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
CampionedItaliaFlag of Campione d'Italia.svgCampione d'Italia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes no, CHF
LivignoLivigno-Stemma.pngLivigno Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes
Croatia
Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not introduced Yes Yes no, HRK
Latvia
Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Lithuania
Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Luxembourg
Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Malta
Flag of Malta.svg Malta
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Netherlands
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
ArubaFlag of Aruba.svgAruba OCT Minimal Yes Yes No No No No no, AWG
BonaireFlag of Bonaire.svgBonaire OCT Minimal Yes Yes Yes No No No no, USD
CuraaoFlag of Curaçao.svgCuracao OCT Minimal Yes Yes No No No No no, ANG
SabaFlag of Saba.svgSaba OCT Minimal Yes Yes Yes No No No no, USD
Saint EustatiusFlag of Sint Eustatius.svgSt. Eustatius OCT Minimal Yes Yes Yes No No No no, USD
SintMaartenFlag of Sint Maarten.svgSint Maarten OCT Minimal Yes Yes No No No No no, ANG
oesterre
Flag of Austria.svg Austria
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Poland
Flag of Poland.svg Poland
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes no, PLN
Portugal
Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
AzoresFlag of the Azores.svgAzores Yes With exceptions (GÄR) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
MadeiraFlag of Madeira.svgMadeira Yes With exceptions (GÄR) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Romania
Flag of Romania.svg Romania
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not introduced Yes Yes no, RON
Slovakia
Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Slovenia
Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Spain
Flag of Spain.svg Spain
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
CeutaFlag of Ceuta without coa.svgCeuta Yes With exceptions Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes
Canary IslandsFlag of the Canary Islands.svgCanary Islands Yes With exceptions (GÄR) Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
MelillaFlag of Melilla.svgMelilla Yes With exceptions Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes
Sweden
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes no, SEK
Czech Republic
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes no, CZK
Hungary
Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes no, HUF
Cyprus rep
Flag of Cyprus.svg Republic of Cyprus
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not introduced Yes Yes Yes
Cyprus north
Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg Northern Cyprus
De jure yes,
de facto no
(Contract application suspended) (Contract application suspended) Partially part No No No no, TRY
UN buffer zone
Flag of the United Nations.svg UN buffer zone
Yes ??? ??? Yes Yes No No ??? Yes
Free ports and duty-free areas at airports in various member states Yes Yes Yes uninhabited uninhabited As in member state No No Currency of the member state
Member States and Territories Part of the EU
Applicable to European law
EURATOM Union citizenship Election of the European Parliament Schengen area VAT Union of
the EU
Customs Union
of the EU
Euro

literature

See also

Individual evidence

  1. Which areas are “outermost regions” within the meaning of Art. 349 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) results from Art. 349 in conjunction with Art. 355 (6) TFEU in conjunction with 2010/718 / EU: Decision of the European Council of October 29, 2010 to change the status of the island of Saint-Barthélemy vis-à-vis the European Union ( OJ L 325 of December 9, 2010, pp. 4–5) and 2012/419 / EU: Decision of the European Council of 11 July 2012 amending Mayotte's status vis-à-vis the European Union (OJ L 204 of 31 July 2012, pp. 131–131) (all accessed on 15 December 2017).
  2. a b Agreement on the Accession of the Kingdom of Denmark to the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement of 14 June 1985 on the gradual abolition of checks at the common borders signed at Schengen on 19 June 1990
  3. ACT concerning the conditions of accession of the Kingdom of Norway, the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the European Union is founded, Protocol No 2 - on the Åland islands
  4. COUNCIL DECISION of 12 July 2011 on the signing and conclusion of the Monetary Agreement between the European Union and the French Republic on keeping the euro in Saint-Barthélemy following the amendment of its status with regard to the European Union
  5. ↑ 1999/95 / EC: Council Decision of 31 December 1998 concerning the monetary arrangements in the French territorial communities of Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon and Mayotte
  6. Act concerning the conditions of accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the European Union is founded - Protocol No 10 on Cyprus
  7. Since the northern part of the Republic of Cyprus was occupied by Turkey in 1974, but the territory is still part of the republic under international law, the rules of the Cyprus Nationality Act are also applied to northern Cyprus . Turkish Northern Cypriots are also citizens of the Republic of Cyprus and are consequently also Union citizens when they join the EU, but not people who were settled on the island for political reasons after 1974.
  8. Since the Republic of Cyprus cannot exercise its sovereignty in the north of the island, it cannot open any polling stations there. In order for those citizens of Northern Cyprus to exercise their right to vote, they must visit polling stations in the Republic of Cyprus. Two of the six Cypriot seats in the European Parliament are actually reserved for Turkish Cypriots. [1] However, it was only during the European elections in 2019 with Niyazi Kizilyürek first elected a Nordzyprer to parliament.