Aleksander Józef Sułkowski

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Count Sułkowski in armor with the sash of the Order of the White Eagle , of which he was a knight
Reisen Castle, rebuilt from 1742 to 1745 on behalf of Sułkowski
The St. Stanislaus Church on Travel, built 1746 to 1751 by order of Sułkowski

Aleksander Józef Sułkowski (born March 13, 1695 in Cracow , † May 21, 1762 in Leszno ), Imperial Count Sułkowski , 1st Duke of Bielitz , Count zu Reisen , Lissa , Zduny and Kobylin ; was an influential Saxon-Polish minister during the reign of August III.

Life

Aleksander Józef Sułkowski came from the old Polish noble family Sułkowski . His father was Stanisław Sułkowski, who was married to Elisabeth Szalewska from 1694 or 1695.

Sułkowski made himself popular early on during the Augustan era in Poland and Saxony and, as a page at the Dresden court, made friends with Prince Elector Friedrich August, who succeeded his father Augustus the Strong as Elector of Saxony and King of Poland in 1733. Shortly after taking office, the now August III appointed. his now indispensable Sułkowski, whom he had already helped to the offices of chief hunter of Lithuania, director of the parforce hunt and a colonel in the Electoral Saxon army , to chief chamberlain, chief hunter of Electoral Saxony, general of the infantry and state minister of foreign affairs and let him through Emperor Karl VI. rise to the imperial count of the Holy Roman Empire. He also gave him the Übigau Castle near Dresden and the Fürstenbergsche Haus in Dresden and gave him the supervision of the porcelain that was delivered to the Japanese Palace . In addition, from 1735 he took over the supreme command of the king's troops in Poland and in 1737 was appointed general and chief of the Saxon auxiliary troops in the Seventh Turkish War . In gratitude, the emperor expanded Sułkowski's indigenous community to all imperial hereditary lands . The right to speak with the king was restricted to him and his fiercest competitor for power, Heinrich von Brühl . However, on February 5, 1738, with the help of court confessor Ignaz Guarini and Queen Maria Josepha, he succeeded in completely ousting Count Sułkowski from the government and falling into the disgrace of the king. He was horrified and banished from most positions at court, the king also bought the Übigau castle back and Sułkowski bitterly withdrew into private life.

In 1738 he acquired the counties of Reisen and Lissa from the exiled Polish rival king Stanislaus Leszczyński, as well as other goods, which he had lavishly redesigned in the Rococo style by the builder Carl Martin Frantz , a son of the architect Martin Frantz from Reval .

In 1752 he succeeded in buying the Silesian rulership of Bielitz as well as the castle and elevating them to a principality through Emperor Franz I and thus himself to the personal imperial prince status. The princely title was extended to his descendants by Maria Theresa of Austria in 1754 and Bielitz was elevated to a duchy . Unauthorized, Sułkowski used to add the addition of ' by the grace of God ' to the titles of nobility mentioned there in the official and business letters of his rule .

From 1737 to 1757 it was also owned by Neschwitz Castle .

Marriages and offspring

Coat of arms of the Sułkowski family

Sułkowski married Freiin Maria Franziska von Stein zu Jettingen (* 1712, † 1741) on October 31, 1728 , with whom he had seven children:

  • August Kasimir (born November 15, 1729; † January 7, 1786), since 1762 Prince of Reisen, Royal Polish Chamberlain, General of the Royal Polish Army and Commander of the Rydzyna Infantry Regiment, 1775–1776 Marshal of the Sejm , since 1766 with Louise Mniszech married
  • Alexander Anton (born October 15, 1730, † September 21, 1786), since 1762 2nd Duke of Bielitz, since 1785 general of the Royal Polish Army, married to Eleanor Cetner since 1755
  • Franz de Paula (born January 29, 1733, † April 22, 1812), since 1786 3rd Duke of Bielitz, Lieutenant General of the Royal Polish Army, since 1759 with Marianna Strzemeska († 1770) and since 1776 with Judyta Maria Montbelli de Biciard married
  • Anton Paul (born June 11, 1734, † April 16, 1796), Prince of Reisen since 1786, colonel since 1757, general of the Royal Polish Army since 1762, heir to the ancestral estates of the Sułkowski family, since 1766 with Countess Marianna Działynska (1781 canceled) and Caroline Bubna 1784 Lititz married
  • Marianna (* 1728; † 1749), married to Franciszek Jakub Szembek since 1747
  • Joanna (* 1736; † 1800), married to Prince Peter Sapieha since 1750
  • Josepha Petronela (* 1737; † 1756), married to Prince Ignaz Potocki since 1753

Sułkowski married again on August 27, 1743 in Danzig Countess Anna Teresa Prebendow (* July 25, 1721; † 1795), eldest daughter of the voivode of Marienburg , Count Peter Georg Prebendow († May 29, 1755) and Urszula Potocka († 1796 )

Trivia

Movie

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Johann David Erdmann Preuss : The life story of the great King Friedrich of Prussia . 2nd edition, Volume 1, Berlin 1837, p. 291
  2. ^ Carl Goehring : The wars of Prussia against Austria 1740–1866, namely the First and Second Silesian, the Seven Years and Seven Days War . Volume 1, Leipzig 1867, p. 301.