Rydzyna
| Rydzyna | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Greater Poland | ||
| Powiat : | Leszczyński | ||
| Gmina : | Rydzyna | ||
| Area : | 2.17 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 48 ′ N , 16 ° 40 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 2895 (June 30, 2019) | ||
| Postal code : | 64-130 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 65 | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Rail route : | Wroclaw – Leszno | ||
Rydzyna ( German Travel ) is a city in the Powiat Leszczyński of the Greater Poland Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with 9,495 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).
history
The village was founded by the Bohemian counts Werbna; they built the castle and church and were later called the Rydzyński after the place . In a document from 1403, the nobleman Jan Rydzyński was named as the founder of the village . The city's deed of foundation was burned, but the city seal contains the number 1422 and German city law was in effect. In 1458 the town had to provide four armed warriors. The majority of the residents were German.
The city took over the Wierzbno coat of arms from its owner, which represents a fortress bastion with a four-field panel on which two panels with arrows and two with lilies can be seen. Rydzyna was owned by the Rydzyński family until the end of the 17th century. Since the end of the 17th century the town belonged to the noble Leszczyński family and at the beginning of the 18th century it was also a frequent residence of the Polish king Stanislaus I. Leszczyński . When the Leszczyńskis had to leave Poland, they sold the County of Leszno and the Rydzyna estate in 1738 to the Polish magnate Aleksander Józef Sułkowski , whose family still owned them in the 19th century. Since Sułkowski had also bought up the dominion of Bielitz in Austrian Silesia, which had been raised to a principality by Emperor Franz I Stephan in 1752 , he has since been entitled to the title of German Imperial Prince . August Anton Sułkowski (1820–1882) and Anton Sułkowski (1844–1909) were members of the Prussian manor house .
Since it belonged to the German Empire , the city was called Reisen . Until 1887 Reisen belonged to the Fraustadt district (Polish: Wschowa ), from 1887 to 1920 it was part of the Lissa district . After the First World War , the Prussian province of Posen was dissolved by the Treaty of Versailles , the city of Reisen had to be ceded to the Second Polish Republic , to which it belonged from 1920 to 1939 under the name Rydzyna .
During the German invasion of Poland in 1939, the region was occupied by the Wehrmacht . After that, the place was annexed by the German Reich in violation of international law until the end of the war in 1945 and incorporated into the Lissa district (Wartheland) . Towards the end of World War II , the city was occupied by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 and became Polish again.
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| End of 18th century | 1,615 | 195 houses, 1 Catholic and 1 Protestant church, 1 hospital, 24 mills, 171 Jews,> 10% Catholics, mainly linen weaving |
| 1816 | 1,290 | |
| 1819 | 1,256 | 1 Lutheran and 1 Catholic church, 191 houses, 276 Jews. "One does agriculture here and some cloth and line weaving". |
| 1837 | 1,329 | |
| 1843 | 1,377 | |
| 1858 | 1,516 | |
| 1861 | 1,493 | |
| 1885 | 1,202 | 742 Protestants, 403 Catholics and 57 Jews in 183 residential buildings |
| 1905 | 1,123 | thereof 560 Catholics, 549 Protestants and 14 Jews in 190 residential buildings (814 Germans, 309 Poles) |
Attractions
The Gothic Rydzyna Castle of the Rydzyński family was built at the beginning of the 15th century by Johannes von Czernina from Rydzyna. It was taken over by the Leszczyński family and the baroque chateau was built on its walls from 1682 to 1695 . Further alterations were made around 1700 according to plans by the Italian architect Pompeo Ferrari . Together with its park and the adjoining areas, it was then the most magnificent magnate residence in Greater Poland. From 1705 to 1709 it was the residence of the Polish king Stanislaus Leszczynski. In 1709, during the Northern War, the castle was partially burned down by the Tsar's troops.
Stanislaus Leszczynski had sold his castle in Rydzyna to Alexander Josef Sulkowski, who restored it to its former splendor. The Sułkowski family took over the castle, which was rebuilt from 1742 to 1745 by the builder Carl Martin Frantz , a son of the architect Martin Frantz from Reval . The castle received new roofs at this time, the facades and the magnificent main entrance were redesigned in the Rococo style. The work on the castle and its surroundings was then continued by Prince August, Alexander Josef Sulkowski's son. The outbuildings of the castle were provided with classical facades and the ballroom was decorated in the same style. The orangery and the stylish pavilions in the park were newly built. The princely residence of the Sulkowski family was famous throughout Greater Poland in the 1780s as a cultural center (court theater of the Sulkowski family) and an educational center (grammar school of the Piarist order). The last renovation took place in the years 1785 to 1790 under the direction of Ignacy Graff ; the plans are attributed to the architect Domeniko Merlini (1730–1797). Along with Rogalin , Kórnik and Gołuchów, Rydzyna Palace is one of the most important palaces in Greater Poland .
In 1940 the National Socialists set up the National Political Educational Institution for Travel in the castle . The current shape can no longer be considered the baroque original, as the castle burned down by the Soviet troops in 1945 and was not reconstructed until 1970 to 1989 according to old plans.
The St. Stanislaus - Church ( . Kościoł św Stanisława ) was in the years 1746 to 1751 in the style of Baroque built.
local community
The town itself and a number of villages belong to the town-and-country municipality (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Rydzyna. It has an area of 136 km².
literature
- Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the country Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, pp. 424-426.
Web links
- City website
- Rydzyna Castle (English)
Footnotes
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Wuttke (1864), pp. 424–426.
- ^ FW Heidemann: Manual of the post-geography of the royal. Prussian states in connection with a post-charter of K. Preuss. Monarchy, which includes the course of ordinary driving and extra items . Weimar 1819, p. 108 .
- ^ Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia. Based on materials from the census of December 1, 1885 and other official sources. Booklet V. Poznan Province . Berlin 1888, p. 118-119 .
- ^ Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia. Based on materials from the census of December 1, 1905 and other official sources. Booklet V. Poznan Province . Berlin 1908, p. 84-85 .