National Committee
National committees (also people's committees ), Czech národní výbor and Slovak národný výbor , were organs of the state administrative administration in Czechoslovakia from 1945 to 1990.
history
The national committees were intended as levers which, following the principles of democratic centralism , were to carry the central management of the economy and the whole of society down to the local level , they united the principles of state administration (from above) and one (im "People's democratic" or "real socialist" regime only apparent) self-administration (by elected MPs).
The legal basis for the national committees was the presidential decree of December 4, 1944; in 1948 their existence and tasks were firmly anchored in the country's constitution. A more fundamental change in the hierarchy, the organization and the opening of these offices came about on March 9, 1954 through Regulation 23/1954 Sb. And in particular on May 17, 1954 through Laws 12/1954 Sb., 13/1954 Sb. and 14/1954 Sb.
tasks
The formally elected bodies worked at the level of municipalities, cities, city districts, districts, districts or, at the beginning, also at the level of a country (Bohemia, Moravia, Slovakia). There were:
- Místní národní výbor / Miestny národný výbor , German: "Local National Committee", the organs in municipalities, abbreviated MNV ;
- Městský národní výbor / Mestský národný výbor , German: "Municipal National Committee", the organs in cities, abbreviated to MěNV and slow. MsNV ;
- Obvodní národní výbor / Obvodný národný výbor , German: "Stadtbezirksnationalausschuss", the organs in urban districts, abbreviated ObNV ;
- Jednotný národní výbor / Jednotný národný výbor , German: "Unified National Committee ", only 1949–1954, a special form as a unitary administration, in place of the District City and District National Committee around the district town (with the exception of Prague, Brno and Bratislava, but also in Troppau and in the High Tatras), abbreviated JNV ;
- Krajský národní výbor / Krajský národný výbor , German: "District National Committee", the organs in districts, abbreviated to KNV , from 1949;
- Okresní národní výbor / Okresný národný výbor , German: "Landeskreissnationalausschuss", the organs in regional districts, abbreviated ONV ;
- Národní výbor hlavního města Prahy , German: "National Committee of the City of Prague ", the highest body in Prague, abbreviated NVP , analogous to Bratislava NVB ;
- Zemský národní výbor / Krajinský národný výbor , German: " State National Committee", only 1945-1948, the organs at the state level, abbreviated to ZNV (before the dissolution of the states in Czechoslovakia and the introduction of districts and district administration in the state).
In the main article X of the 1948 Constitution, the task of the national committees was clearly defined: “The holder and executor of state power in the municipalities, districts and counties and the guardian of the rights and freedoms of the people are the national committees.” In paragraphs 124 and 125 Chapter six describes the tasks and powers in more detail, in particular the areas of internal administration, culture, labor law, health, social issues and finances; It also highlighted its role in national defense and security and its essential role in the design and implementation of economic plans.
The national committees were each led by a chairman who, from February 1948, had to hear from the Communist Party .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Online at: zakonyprolidi.cz / ... zakonyprolidi.cz/
- ↑ a b Published online on: aplikace.mvcr.cz / ...
- ↑ a b Published online on: aplikace.mvcr.cz / ...
- ↑ All references and quotations from: Ústava Československé republiky (Constitution of the Czechoslovak Republic) of May 9, 1948, online at: www.psp.cz , Czech, accessed on December 8, 2010