Upper Lusatian climes

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Oberlausitzer Gefilde in the Lausitz Loess hill country
At the Kotitzer Wasser with a view of the Oberlausitzer Bergland

The Oberlausitzer Gefilde (sometimes also called Bautzener Gefilde , Upper Sorbian Hornjołužiske hona ) is a Saxon natural area in Upper Lusatia , near the border triangle with the Czech Republic and Poland . It is largely assigned to the Saxon loess regions and the western Sudetes .

Natural space

The Upper Lusatian area is a 12–15 km wide strip between the Upper Lusatian heath and pond area and the Upper Lusatian Bergland . Bautzen is located in the center of this area . To the west it almost reaches Kamenz and borders on the West Lusatian hills and mountains , the area around Löbau forms the eastern border to the natural area of Eastern Upper Lusatia . Characteristic is an undulating hilly landscape with altitudes between 170 and 200 m. The area is partially dense from running waters, e.g. B. the Spree and the Löbauer water cut. The bedrock, the Lusatian granodiorite , but also the large-scale meltwater formations of the Saale Ice Age and the Elster Ice Age are covered by loess sediments. The loess thicknesses hardly exceed 2 m, in the core area of ​​the monastery maintenance also 3–5 m. Through solifluction and rinsing processes, the loess derivatives of the brown and alluvial loess type are largely decalcified, lamed and compacted. Some valleys with narrow valley sections, so-called scales , were created in the Pleistocene when the granodiorite bar broke through.

In comparison to the mountains to the west and south, precipitation falls between 650–700 mm, around 100 to 150 mm less. Except for remains in valley cuttings and at basement penetrations (lower soil fertility), the proportion of forest is relatively strong. Nature conservation is therefore striving for small-scale reforestation in some areas within the framework of the biotope network . The predominant potential natural vegetation (pnV) is the forest bedstraw - hornbeam - oak forest , partly with quaking grass sedge .

Historical meaning

The excellent arable soils formed the basis for the millennia-old arable culture in the Bautzener Land (see also Land Budissin ). The Upper Lusatian area has been populated to a relevant extent for much longer than the neighboring natural areas and was a main center of Lusatian culture and later the old settlement area of ​​the Slavic Milzen people . From here, around 800 AD, first those and later also German settlers expanded into the neighboring, less fertile natural areas in the north and south.

Because of its location between the impassable mountains in the south and the swamps and forests in the north, the Upper Lusatian region was a transit area for important Central European traffic routes in the east-west direction, especially the Via Regia .

literature

  • Karl Mannsfeld, Hans Richter (Ed.): Natural spaces in Saxony. Trier 1995.
  • Rochus Schrammek: Traffic and building history of the city of Bautzen. Bautzen 1984.

Web links