Lusatian highlands
| Lusatian highlands | ||
|---|---|---|
| Highest peak | Valtenberg ( 586.6 m above sea level ) | |
| location | Saxony (Germany), Czech Republic | |
| part of | Sudeten | |
|
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 5 ' N , 14 ° 17' E | |
The Lausitzer Bergland ( Upper Sorbian Łužiske hory ; Czech Lužická hornatina ) is the name of the hilly low mountain range in Upper Lusatia in Saxony , which accompanies the upper reaches of the Spree to the south of Bautzen . To the southwest it goes over into Saxon Switzerland , to the south it continues as the Bohemian Netherlands (Czech: Šluknovsko ) to the Czech Republic, where it changes to the Lusatian Mountains to the southeast , the German part of which is the Zittau Mountains . To the west, north and east, loess hill landscapes adjoin the West Lusatian hills and mountains , Upper Lusatia and Eastern Upper Lusatia .
The Lusatian Uplands is part of the Sudeten Mountains , which, however, only develop their known focal points of the Giant Mountains and Jeseníky Mountains in a clear (south) eastward distance.
The Lausitzer Bergland is the core area of the Oberlausitzer dialect with the typical rolling Rrr . Here you will find many half-timbered houses - houses in the construction typical of southern Upper Lusatia, in which Slavic log construction and German half-timbered construction were combined.
Natural allocation
In the natural spatial order according to Meynen , which took place throughout Germany in the 1950s, the Lusatian Bergland represented the main unit 441 within the main unit group 44 ( BfN 1994: D14 ) Upper Lusatia . This somewhat heterogeneous main unit group, however, appears in that of the working group Natural Balance and Regional Character of the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig no longer worked out natural spatial reorganization and was assigned to the loess hill country belt or the low mountain ranges depending on the character of the landscape. Here, the Lausitzer Bergland is the only main unit of the former main unit group that was assigned to the "over-unit group" Saxon Bergland and Mittelgebirge , which continues to consist of the Zittau Mountains , which adjoin to the south-east, but which are spatially separated on German soil, as well as the Saxon Mountains to the west. Bohemian border adjoining landscapes Saxon Switzerland , Ore Mountains and Vogtland consists.
geology
The Lausitzer Bergland is part of a large intrusive complex in Central Europe that was formed in the Neoproterozoic during the Cadomian orogeny . This is connected to the crystalline massifs of the neighboring Jizera and Giant Mountains . Even if the rocks on the Saxon side are strictly geologically mainly granodiorite , the colloquial form of Lusatian granite has become very widespread. The rock was and is quarried in several quarries and was widely used as natural stone.
The remnants of past volcanic activity from the tertiary era are significantly younger than the granodiorites and the small amount of granite that occurs . The long chain of volcanic mountains from the Bohemian Central Uplands via the Lusatian Mountains also continues east of the Lusatian Uplands, in the Eastern Upper Lusatia , to the Lusatian Neisse . Such basaltic mountains include Kottmar , which is still on the south-eastern edge of the mountainous region itself, for example the Doppelkuppe of Löbauer Berg and Schafberg (449 m) near Löbau and the Landeskrone (420 m) near Görlitz .
Mining attempts in the Lusatian highlands were not very successful due to a lack of ores . Instead, the area was once the center of the granite industry in Germany. In the form of facade elements, building blocks for heavy masonry, fountain basins and monument bases as well as paving stones, pavement slabs, fence pillars, etc. v. m. the material can be found in all of Central Germany.
Topographic description
The surface shapes are clearly structured. The Lausitzer Bergland is made up of four mountain ranges running in an east-west direction, with three wide valley basins in between. The south-eastern sections are on Czech territory and are also part of the Bohemian Netherlands .
The northernmost mountain range rises suddenly from the Upper Lusatian region . The most striking mountains from east to west are the Hochstein northwest of Kleindehsas (542 m), the Czorneboh (556 m), the Thromberg (432 m); west of the Spree valley are the Mönchswalder Berg (447 m), the Große Picho (499 m), the Hohe Hahn south of Tröbigau (446 m) and, as the westernmost elevation, the Belmsdorfer Berg southeast of Bischofswerdas (348 m). To the east of the Hohe Hahn a foothill branches off from this mountain range first to the north and then to the west, the highest elevations of which are the Tröbigauer Berg (401 m) north of Tröbigau and the Klosterberg (394 m) southeast of Demitz-Thumitz . Meynen already counted this branch to the external West Lusatian foothills . According to the more recent classification by the Saxon Ministry, which mainly combines the West Lusatian foothills and the Lusatian plateau to the west to form the West Lusatian hill and mountain region, this branch is part of the mountain region itself, which also corresponds more closely to the landscape. Black water flows through the valley between this north-western foothill and the northern mountain range .
To the south of the actual mountain range are Cunewalde on the right Spree tributary Cunewalder Wasser , Wilthen on the left Spree tributary Butterwasser as well as Neukirch / Lausitz and Putzkau , both on the Wesenitz flowing westwards .
The second mountain range stretches from Bieleboh (499 m) over the Kälbersteine (487 m), west of the Spree Valley then from the Weifaer Höhe (505 m) to the Valtenberg , which at 587 m is the highest point in the Lausitz mountainous region.
To the south of this mountain range are again in the valley: Ebersbach , Neusalza-Spremberg , Oppach , Taubenheim / Spree , Sohland an der Spree (all except Oppach, which deviates to the north, at the headwaters of the Spree), Wehrsdorf (on the left-hand side of the Spree tributary, Kaltbach ) and Steinigtwolmsdorf (immediately southeast of the Wesenitz headwaters).
The third ridge is entirely to the left of the Spree and partly forms the state border with the Czech Republic . It begins in the southeast of the mountainous region on the Spree-Quellberg Kottmar (583 m) and continues over the Schlechteberg (486 m) immediately south of Ebersbach. At the Saxon-Czech border, after two minor heights with just over 500 m, the peaks Taubenberg (458 m), Brandbusch (443 m), Špičák (481 m, summit entirely on the Czech side), Liščí vrch (481 m), Hutberg (503 m), Buková Hora (512 m, summit entirely in the Czech Republic) and Hoher Hahn near Langburkersdorf (528 m). The Hohwald , between the two main peaks of Valtenberg and Hoher Hahn, the two last-named mountain ranges merge, is the largest contiguous forest area (approx. 30 km²) in the Lusatian Uplands. This is also where most of the rain falls and in winter we find the greatest snow depths in the area.
The valley basin south of the third ridge extends from Šluknov to Neustadt in Saxony and, like the fourth and southernmost mountain range, is predominantly Czech territory. Their highest peaks can also be found with Hrazený (German: Pirsken 610 m) and Tanečnice (German: Tanzplan 597 m) in the Czech Republic; then it continues west with the Gerstenberg (532 m) to the Unger (537 m) on German territory.
The main river in the Lausitzer Bergland is the Spree . It rises on the Kottmar and initially flows from east to west through Ebersbach , Neusalza-Spremberg and Taubenheim to Sohland. From here it turns to the north and in the further course gives the undulating successive mountain ranges and valleys a central axis by breaking through the two northern mountain ranges. Between Kälbersteinen and Weifaer Höhe near Schirgiswalde it forms a narrow breakthrough valley through the second northernmost mountain range. It then meanders through the northern valley basin near Kirschau , Rodewitz and Eulowitz . The breakthrough through the northernmost mountain range begins here in a wider valley, before finally reaching Bautzen .
The valleys of the Lusatian highlands and southern Upper Lusatia are densely populated and built up.
Bauden and mountain inns
- Pool mines
- Bergwirtschaft Bieleboh
- Czorneboh shack
- Erikabaude at Kottmar
- Hochsteinbaude
- Honey fountain on the Löbauer Berg
- Kottmarbaude
- Baude Lausitzblick on the Monumentberg
- Mönchswalder Bergbaude
- Pichobaude
- Prince Friedrich August Baude in Sohland on the Spree
- Spitzbergbaude
- Valtenbergbaude
literature
- Around Bautzen and Schirgiswalde (= values of the German homeland . Volume 12). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1967.
- To Stolpen and Neustadt (= values of our homeland . Volume 17). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1970.
- Between Strohmberg, Czorneboh and Kottmar (= values of our homeland . Volume 24). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1974.
- Lausitzer Bergland around Pulsnitz and Bischofswerda (= values of our homeland . Volume 40). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1983.
- Peter Rölke (ed.): Hiking and nature guide Lausitzer Bergland. Berg- und Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2016, ISBN 978-3-934514-37-9
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Map of the natural areas in Saxony. (PDF) at www.umwelt.sachsen.de , archived from the original on March 20, 2013 ; accessed on June 3, 2015 (859 kB).
- ^ A b Karl Mannsfeld: Oberlausitzer Bergland . In: Sächsische Heimatblätter 5/1986, pp. 221–223
- ↑ Landscape profile Oberlausitzer Bergland of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )