Löbauer Mountain
| Löbauer Berg / Lubijska hora | ||
|---|---|---|
 Schafberg (left) and Löbauer Berg (right), seen from Bubenik , in the foreground the town of Löbau |
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| height | 447.9 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | near Löbau , Görlitz district , Saxony ( Germany ) | |
| Mountains | Lusatian highlands | |
| Coordinates | 51 ° 5 '27 " N , 14 ° 41' 33" E | |
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| Type | Chimney filling | |
| rock | Basalt (nepheline indolerite) | |
| particularities | - König-Friedrich-August-Turm ( AT ) - double summit with the Schafberg |
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The Löbauer Berg ( Upper Sorbian Lubijska hora ) is an extinct volcano and with a height of 447.9 m above sea level. NHN the local mountain of the eponymous town of Löbau in the district of Görlitz in southeastern Saxony . It is composed of mixed mountain forest , consisting of pedunculate oak , hornbeam and winter linden .
Location and surroundings
The summit of the Löbauer mountain is about 1.8 km east of the center of the city of Löbau , which is also known as the city on the mountain . Herwigsdorf is east of the mountain . In the north, the mountain range is bounded by the Löbau – Görlitz railway line and the S 129 state road; to the south it is the Grundbach and the K 8681 district road.
On the summit is the cast-iron König-Friedrich-August-Turm, designed as a lookout tower, with a tower restaurant. The Gasthof Berghaus was reopened in 2017 after the renovation by the operators of the tower restaurant with overnight accommodation. On the western slope, halfway up, is the Honigbrunnen mountain inn, which reopened on December 1, 2006 .
On the neighboring summit, 450.5 m above sea level. NHN high Schafberg , is the transmitter Sheep Mountain , a highly visible transmission tower of Deutsche Telekom .
geology
The Löbauer Berg is the saddle-shaped remnant of a tertiary volcano with an oval shape. It was once much higher, and numerous stone heaps on the slopes bear witness to the erosion caused by changing ice ages , wind and water. The summit area represents the largest basalt deposit in Upper Lusatia , it covers an area of approx. 3 km².
The special feature of the rock, which actually occurs frequently in the area, is the coarse-grained structure of the solidified lava. Due to the extremely slow cooling, larger mineral structures and a coarse-grained structure ( dolerite ) could develop. Among other things , the basalt contains inclusions of the feldspar nepheline , the later weathering of which led to the pockmarked surface of the rocks on the Löbauer Berg.
history
The summit area was already used by people in the Bronze Age . A rampart of the Lausitz culture of enormous dimensions can be found there. The perimeter of the wall, also known as the cinder wall, is around 1,600 meters long and covers an area of 5 hectares. Inside, in addition to living platforms, prehistoric tools, jewelry, ceramics and bronze objects were found.
In 1738 the first simple hut was built, but it was destroyed in the Seven Years' War (1756–1763). In 1770 the Löbauer merchants built another stone building.
The recently restored 28-meter-high cast-iron König-Friedrich-August-Turm , a technical monument and the only one of its kind in Europe, has risen on the summit since 1854 . The tower restaurant, which still exists today, was also opened in the year the tower was built.
Protected area
Monument protection
The Löbauer Berg was included in the list of cultural monuments in Saxony as an ensemble by the Dresden State Office for Monument Preservation at the end of 2009.
The individual monuments are: the cast iron tower, the toboggan run with bricked floodplain, the honey fountain with area and retaining walls, the mountain house with retaining walls and remnants of former outbuildings, the granite staircase from the mountain house, the prince's steps, the war memorial from 1927, the Great Stone Sea, two small ones Quarries (one of them provided with a rock garden and mountain flora by the Humboldt Association in 1929/30), the Great Quarry, the Judenkuppe, the old toboggan run, the black angle, the coffee fountain, the Turnerbank, the Brücknerstein (1942), the Engwichtstein (1954) and the Mücklich memorial stone (1912).
natural reserve
In accordance with the Saxon Nature Conservation Act, the Löbauer Berg is also recorded as a landscape protection area and with its "ravine and hillside mixed forests" habitat type areas as part of the fauna-flora-habitat area "basalt and phonolite peaks of eastern Upper Lusatia".
Löbauer Berg scree field
Steep path
view
Due to its exposed location, you have an excellent view from the mountain. In the south the Kottmar rises and behind it the mountain range of the Zittau and Lusatian Mountains , in the east you can see the volcanic phonolite and basalt peaks of the Rotstein as well as the Landeskrone near Görlitz , with sufficient visibility the mountains of the Jizera and Giant Mountains. The Königshain Mountains can be seen further north , followed by the wide plain in the north of Upper Lusatia, from which the silhouette of the Boxberg lignite power station stands out. To the northwest the view extends to the towers of the city of Bautzen and the Hochstein .
Solar phenomenon
In 2008, local researchers from Sohland examined the Geldkellerfelsen on the eastern slope of the Schafberg summit for its suitability for calendar solar observations. It turned out that special viewing openings allow the determination of the equinox (beginning of spring and autumn) and the solstices at sunrise and sunset. In the same year, the people's and school observatory "Bruno-H.-Bürgel" in Sohland / Spree founded the archaeoastronomy group to research such solar phenomena on rock and stone formations in Upper Lusatia and neighboring regions . In 2012, the Archaeoastronomy Section was given the opportunity to design an archaeoastronomical rock garden as part of the Löbau State Horticultural Show , which modeled the sun observation scheme of the money cellar.
Geldkellerfelsen on the Löbauer Schafberg (presumed solar sanctuary)
Archaeoastronomical rock garden at the Löbau State Horticultural Show 2012
See also
literature
- Meyer's nature guide Upper Lusatia. Meyers Lexikonverlag, Mannheim / Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich, ISBN 3-411-07161-3
- Ralph Bernhardt: Business on the mountain. A chat about the Löbauer Berg. in: Sächsische Heimatblätter 3/2017, pp. 264–274
- Emil Borott: The Löbauer Berg and the Friedrich-August-Thurm . Löbau 1854 ( digitized version )
- Alfred Moschkau : Löbau and its surroundings - a guide through this old four-city, to the Löbauer Berg, Cottmar, Rothstein, Sonneberg, Horken and into the Scala. Petzold Publishing House, Dresden 1872 ( digitized version )
- Ernst Scholze: The Löbauer Berg in the middle of the mythical Upper Lusatia . Duroldt & Schier, Löbau 1853 ( digitized version )
- Ernst Siegl: Our Upper Lusatian Mountains - a hiking guide. Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen, 1991
- Ralf Herold: The track of light - project of the gods - sun sanctuaries of Upper Lusatia. Sohland / Spree observatory, Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2020, ISBN 978-3-7519-5892-9
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Saxony Atlas of the Free State of Saxony ( notes )
- ↑ Description MaP short version (pdf) ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Map (pdf) ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Infopack 2011, "Sun Sanctuaries of Upper Lusatia", observatory "Bruno-H.-Bürgel" Sohland / Spree; Ralf Herold, "Sun Sanctuaries of Upper Lusatia - The money cellar on the Löbauer Berg and its real treasure", Oberlausitzer Verlag, 2012
