Oberoderwitz Spitzberg
| Oberoderwitz Spitzberg | ||
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 Oderwitzer Spitzberg viewed from the Berndt mill |
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| height | 510.1 m above sea level HN | |
| location | Free State of Saxony , Germany | |
| Mountains | Lusatian highlands | |
| Dominance | 4.5 km → Varnsdorfský Špičák ( Lusatian Mountains ) | |
| Notch height | 125 m ↓ North of Spitzkunnersdorf between Spitzberg and Hofeberg | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 57 '37 " N , 14 ° 41' 24" E | |
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| Type | Kegelberg | |
| rock | Phonolite , basalt , tuff , basanite | |
The Oberoderwitzer Spitzberg , also known as Oderwitzer Spitzberg , is the local mountain of the Oderwitz community and one of the most striking cone mountains in the eastern Lusatian mountains in the Free State of Saxony . The summit cliffs, made of phonolite , have been protected as a natural monument since 1936 . The summer toboggan run on the north side is well known . There is a mountain hut on the summit plateau , which can be reached via a driveway. A sport climbing area with over 90 routes has been set up on the rocks .
Position and shape
The Spitzberg belongs to the southeastern part of the Lusatian Mountains and is surrounded by the places Oderwitz , Spitzkunnersdorf , Leutersdorf , Eibau and Neueibau . It has the typical shape of a cone mountain , but its distinctive three-part summit rock is clearly set off from the middle and lower slope. On the west side of the summit is a high plateau on which a community space and a mountain hut have been built.
Below the summit rock, the slope of the Spitzberg drops very gently in a northerly direction and merges into the 438 meter high Stumpfeberg in front of it, which in turn slopes gently to the 368 meter high Wilhelmshöhe . Even in a south-westerly direction, the slope is only slightly inclined towards the upstream Hofeberg . This, however, forms an almost one hundred meter high steep drop to the valley of the Spitzkunnersdorfer Bach . This stream flows in an easterly direction past the mountain and absorbs the water of the Spitzberggraben , which rises on the southern slope of the Spitzberg.
The western and eastern slopes of the Spitzberg are also much steeper, for example the Landwasser valley is about two hundred meters lower than the summit of the mountain. The terrain also slopes more towards the bleach pond water on the west side of Sorge .
outlook
Two of the summit rocks are accessible from viewing platforms, from which one has a wide panoramic view of the south-eastern Upper Lusatia , the Jizera Mountains and the adjacent northern Bohemia. The most important landmarks are within sight of the Kottmar which Sonnenhübel , the Polish power plant Turów ( Türchau ) Zittau with its towers, the Zittau Mountains with Hochwald , pottery , ant hill and the Harken and the Varnsdorfský Špičák ( Varnsdorfer Spitzberg ). When the visibility is better you can see Ještěd ( Jeschken ), the Hohe Rad in the Giant Mountains and some table mountains in Saxon Switzerland .
history
The mountain was first mentioned in 1596 in the Schöppenbuch of Oberoderwitz. The natural scientist Nathanael Gottfried Leske visited the Spitzberg around 1785 on one of his trips through Upper Lusatia and described its geological structure. From 1850 to around the end of the 19th century, a quarry was maintained on the Spitzberg, through which the steep slope in the northeast of the summit and a pond on the high plateau were created. The stone from this quarry was also used for the construction of the church in Niederoderwitz .
Due to its great view, the mountain became a popular destination with the rise of romance in the mid-19th century. However, the ascent was not always completely safe, for example the later King of Saxony, Friedrich August II, had to be rescued by two locals on the descent. The mountain was therefore developed, and in 1860 the ridge was leveled and a social area was created. In 1882 the Oderwitz Mountain Association was founded, which laid out various paths and installed railings. Another goal was to maintain the Spitzberg as a local recreation area, to which the Humboldt Association, founded in 1861, had already committed itself. In 1904 representatives of all mountain associations in Central Germany and Silesia met on the Oberoderwitz Spitzberg.
A second-order station was set up here in 1864 for the Royal Saxon Triangulation carried out between 1862 and 1890 . For this purpose, a 1.2 meter high column made of Beyersdorf granite with a diameter of 49 centimeters was set into the rock of the highest viewing platform. From this point the stations on the Kottmar , the Schanzberg and the Lausche could be targeted. The inscription on the column reads “Station SPITZBERG der Kön. Saxon. Triangulation 1864. “ , the addition Kön. had been removed in the meantime, but was restored again in 2010.
In 1891 a mountain hut was built on the high plateau, but it fell into disrepair over time and was therefore reconstructed from 1964 to 1965. On the north side of the mountain, a ski jumping hill , no longer preserved today, was built in 1922 , on which Germany's first "artificial snow competition" was held in 1936 using a covering of spruce needles. Furthermore, a natural toboggan run was created, on which downhill skiing races were also held in the 1950s.
The summit rocks of the Spitzberg were also interesting for climbing. In 1930 the Türmer climbing guild climbed 13 first routes to the summit. The Oderwitz climbing section was founded in 1952, eight different routes were developed on the north and east sides, and the first safety hooks were attached in 1964. 2001 began with the establishment of a sport climbing area on the Oderwitz Spitzberg, which was opened on May 25, 2003. It now has more than 90 routes with difficulty levels 1 to 9 on the UIAA scale . In addition to German climbers, visitors to the mountain also included Danish, Czech, French and Australian climbers. For the further expansion and maintenance of the climbing garden, the Förderverein Sportklettergebiet Oderwitzer Spitzberg e. V. founded.
The summer toboggan run on the eastern slope of the mountain, which opened in 1995, is well known, and an official weather station was inaugurated on October 12, 1998. In 2001 the toboggan run received an environmental award for its commitment to designing the area in accordance with nature conservation.
geology
The Bohemian Central Uplands arose from volcanic activity in the Miocene , and the effects of these processes extended to Upper Lusatia . Numerous volcanic mountains emerged here too, such as the Lausche or the Spitzberg. In a first step, the subsurface made of tuff and nepheline basanite was covered by a layer of basalt lava up to 100 meters thick . Later this ceiling was broken by streams of phonolithic lava . The erosion processes in the Elster Glaciation formed the extinct volcanoes into flat peaks and cone mountains. Due to further frost weathering in the Saale and Vistula glaciation , the mountain tops were further removed and formed scree slopes on the loess-covered mountain slopes.
The summit rock of the Spitzberg consists entirely of phonolite, in the north it is mostly flat, in the south-east it appears in columns up to a meter in diameter. The upward sloping arrangement of these columns indicates that these cliffs were a former chimney filling . The basalt on the north and west slopes of the mountain is criss-crossed with brown to dark purple lapillite tuffs, which give the soil a reddish color.
ecology
The summit cliffs of the mountain have been under nature protection since 1935. In comparison with the basalt mountains, the vegetation here shows a clear impoverishment. While the middle and lower slopes are used for agriculture, large parts of the upper slope have been planted with spruce trees. On the southern slope, on the other hand, common oaks , birches and mountain ash are predominant, the ground vegetation there are acid-loving species such as blueberries , wiry Schmiele , meadow quail wheat , hawkweed and shadow flowers . Wild flat peas , bear pods , lilies of the valley , vertebrates and stone berries can be found in sunny places such as forest edges . On the herbaceous meadows on the western slope, there are bristle bellflowers , willow-leaved elephant , bog clover , large beaver clover , spice calf's goiter , arnica and soft-haired hollow tooth .
On the northern slope, ash trees , common bird cherry , mountain elm and hazelnut bushes grow in the shade . Daphne , forest ringwort , spotted lungwort and nodding pearl grass are typical species of the basalt mountains . The plants of the middle altitudes are represented here by the red elder and the fox's ragwort . Ferns can also be found here, such as the Nordic striped fern and southern exposure or the common potted fern in shady locations.
Legal dispute about its use as a climbing area
When setting up the sport climbing area on the rocks of the Spitzberg, there were conflicts between conservationists and climbers, as this was done without the permission of the Lower Nature Conservation Authority . For example, some rocks were cleared of all vegetation and several trees were felled to make space for a barbecue area. Furthermore, heaps of rubble were removed from the reconstruction of the Spitzbergbaude, although the vegetation on these contaminated soils was previously classified as extremely valuable. This dispute culminated in 2004 in criminal proceedings against the operator of the climbing park. In the following judgment, climbing on the Spitzberg was legalized and the representatives of the interests came closer together.
literature
- The south-eastern Upper Lusatia with Zittau and the Zittau Mountains (= values of the German homeland . Volume 16). 2nd Edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1971.
- Municipal administration Oderwitz (Ed.): Oderwitz . The windmill and weather village. 1st edition. Herrnhut 2003.
- Sport climbing area - Oderwitz Spitzberg. Förderverein Sportklettergebiet Oderwitzer Spitzberg eV, accessed on May 9, 2012 .
Web links
- Sport climbing area - Oderwitzer Spitzberg from the Förderverein Sportklettergebiet Oderwitzer Spitzberg eV
- Addendum "Oderwitzer Spitzberg" (PDF; 1.5 MB) to the climbing guide "Sport Climbing Areas in Saxony"
- Private website about the Spitzberg with numerous pictures
Individual evidence
- ↑ The 545 m high Varnsdorfer Spitzberg is located east of Seifhennersdorf on Czech territory.
- ↑ determined with the help of Elevation Contours from Google Maps ; the saddle is at 385 m .
- ^ Municipal administration Oderwitz: Churches in Oderwitz. Retrieved December 24, 2015 .
- ^ History of the village of Oberoderwitz. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 6, 2013 ; Retrieved May 8, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Information board Historic Triangulationssäule Spitzberg the syndicate Nagelsche columns , 2010
- ↑ About us. Oberoderwitz toboggan run, accessed on May 9, 2012 .
- ↑ a b Botanical Association of the Province of Brandenburg and the Bordering States (ed.): Negotiations of the Botanical Association for the Province of Brandenburg and the Bordering States . tape 1-4 . Commission publishing house by R. Gaertner, 1859, p. 90 ff . ( Digitized version ).
- ↑ Climbing Guide Oderwitzer Spitzberg. (PDF; 1.5 MB) Retrieved May 10, 2012 .
