Landwasser (Mandau)
| Land water | ||
 The Landwasser near Oberoderwitz |
||
| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 674146 | |
| location | District of Goerlitz , Saxony , Germany | |
| River system | Or | |
| Drain over | Mandau → Lausitzer Neisse → Oder → Baltic Sea | |
| source | On the Löbauer Wiese near Walddorf 50 ° 59 ′ 43 ″ N , 14 ° 37 ′ 43 ″ E |
|
| Source height | 403 m above sea level NN | |
| muzzle | For disk in the Mandau coordinates: 50 ° 55 ′ 31 ″ N , 14 ° 44 ′ 36 ″ E 50 ° 55 ′ 31 ″ N , 14 ° 44 ′ 36 ″ E |
|
| Mouth height | 280 m above sea level NN | |
| Height difference | 123 m | |
| Bottom slope | 8.1 ‰ | |
| length | 15.2 km | |
| Discharge at the Niederoderwitz A Eo gauge : 28.3 km² Location: 4.6 km above the mouth |
NNQ (03.10.1990) MNQ 1987/2005 MQ 1987/2005 Mq 1987/2005 MHQ 1987/2005 HHQ (30.12.1986) |
10 l / s 50 l / s 284 l / s 10 l / (s km²) 11.8 m³ / s 32.5 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Groundwater , Neumannsgraben, groundwater, Neufeldenwasser , Höllgraben, Augustinsgraben, Sandbüschelgraben | |
| Right tributaries | Bittrichbach, bleaching pond water , Spitzkunnersdorfer Bach , calf bush water, Lerchenberg water, Steinberg water | |
| Communities | Kottmar , Oderwitz , Mittelherwigsdorf | |
| Residents in the catchment area | approx. 14400 | |
The land of water , depending on the location and old water , Auenwasser , village , flow , Grenzbach , Front water or shortly Baach called, is a 15 km long river and a tributary of the Mandau .
course
The Landwasser rises on the Löbauer Wiese west of Walddorf . On its further way it flows through the row villages Eibau and Oderwitz , before it flows into the Mandau in the Mittelherwigsdorf district of Scheibe at the western foot of the Landberg (313 m above sea level) . To protect against flooding, the course of the stream has been heavily straightened and regulated. Landwasser tributaries include the groundwater , the Spitzkunnersdorfer Bach , the bleach pond water and the Neufelden water .
On its way, the Landwasser is spanned by many bridges, the most important of which are the old railway viaduct on the Löbau – Zittau railway line in Oberoderwitz and the Landbergbrücke between Mittelherwigsdorf and Oderwitz, over which the Bundesstraße 96 also runs.
history
Numerous disaster floods are related to land water. For the 16th to 19th centuries, Korschelt (1871) and Kruschwitz (1880) recorded a total of 22 floods in their chronicles . During the floods of 1595, 1666, 1674 and 1880, over 35 people drowned in the floods. There was also damage to buildings, bridges and corridors. Even entire properties with people, animals and household items were torn away by the masses of water.
The largest flood of this type occurred from June 13th to 15th, 1880 when eleven people died in Mittel- and Niederoderwitz and others in Zittau. Over 300 houses were damaged during those days. King Albert of Saxony traveled personally to coordinate the relief efforts . The clean-up and repair work dragged on until August 1880. In 1883 a memorial stone was placed on the banks of the Landwasser in Niederoderwitz for the victims of the flood , which is still preserved today.
There were more severe floods in 1966 and 1981. The penultimate flood occurred after heavy rainfall on August 7, 2010, when the level of the land water rose to over two meters. The last flood was on June 9, 2013.
The cause of these severe floods are downpours and heavy rainfall on the Kottmar and Oberoderwitzer Spitzberg , which run mainly in the direction of the Landwasser, but also the Pließnitz . Due to the extensive deforestation of the area, the soil has only a low water-holding power, which intensifies the effect. Several floods were also triggered by the rapid onset of thaw. In order to keep the effects of floods as low as possible, the stream bed was straightened and regulated in order to ensure a rapid drainage of the water masses. As a further measure, many local residents filled up their land.
fauna and Flora
Due to the fact that the course of the Landwasser mainly leads through built-up areas, a pronounced stream floodplain is largely missing . On the upper reaches of Eibau and parts of Oberoderwitz there is also almost no bank strip, which has a dramatic effect during floods. Only on the lower reaches shortly before the confluence with the Mandau is a stream floodplain, which in turn forms part of the FFH area Mandau Valley .
use
A total of eight watermills were built along the Landwasser from the 16th century , seven of them in Oderwitz alone. Several weirs were built to operate the mills, most of which are still standing today. When the hydropower of the Landwasser subsided in the 1930s, most of these mills switched to diesel or electric motors or even stopped working.
Most of the mills are still there today, but only the Bertholdmühle is still in operation and produces flour for the local bakeries. The Felsenmühle in Mittelherwigsdorf ceased milling operations before the Second World War, but it used a turbine to generate electricity for its own use until the 1970s. The Oberoderwitzer Stoll mill was also used to generate electrical energy and later as a substation . Other mills on Landwasser were the field mill at the foot of the Adlerberg and the Hahmann mill in Oberoderwitz, as well as the upper, middle and lower mill in Niederoderwitz.
Today the land water is mainly used for sewage disposal . The wastewater association "Landwasser", to which the municipalities of Kottmar, Oderwitz and Mittelherwigsdorf belong, operates a sewage treatment plant near the mouth of the Manda for this purpose .
literature
- Johann Gottlieb Korschelt: History of Oderwitz . Along with a view. H. Trommer, Neu-Gersdorf 1871.
- The south-eastern Upper Lusatia with Zittau and the Zittau Mountains (= values of the German homeland . Volume 16). 2nd Edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1971, p. 113.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Oderwitz news. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Municipality of Oderwitz, formerly in the original ; Retrieved March 29, 2012 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Görlitz district geoportal. Office for District Development, District of Görlitz, accessed on July 13, 2010 .
- ↑ Hydrological Handbook. (PDF; 637 kB) Part 3 - Main aquatic values. Free State of Saxony - State Office for Environment and Geology, p. 72 , accessed on December 25, 2017 .
- ↑ P. Kruschwitz: The water hardship in the Königl. Saxon. Upper Lusatia on June 14, 1880 . Bernstadt 1880.
- ↑ Sabine Möbius: The flood of the century in June 1880 . In: Municipality of Oderwitz (ed.): Oderwitzer Nachrichten . No. 5 , May 5, 2010, p. 6th ff . ( Digitized version [accessed June 30, 2010]).
- ↑ Municipal administration Oderwitz: Mills. Retrieved January 8, 2016 .
