Eibau

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Eibau
Kottmar municipality
Coat of arms of Eibau
Coordinates: 50 ° 58 ′ 49 ″  N , 14 ° 39 ′ 54 ″  E
Height : 368 m
Area : 17.37 km²
Residents : 2762  (March 31, 2019)
Population density : 159 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 2013
Postal code : 02739
Area code : 03586
Eibau (Saxony)
Eibau

Location of Eibau in Saxony

The name of the village is spoken in German.
The name of the village is spoken in Upper Lusatian dialect.
View of Eibau with Beckenberg

Eibau ( Upper Sorbian Jiwow , Upper Lusatian : yew ) is a district of the municipality of Kottmar , which is located in the south of the East Saxon district of Görlitz between Zittau and Bautzen . He is known nationwide for his black beer .

geography

Geographical location

Eibau, located in the upper Landwasser and groundwater valleys , embedded by the mountains Kottmar (583 m), Hänschberg, Beckenberg (407.6 m), Spitzberg (510 m), Schamotte and Lerchenberg , is a forest hoof village typical of the area .

The district is located in the south of the municipality of Kottmar and partially forms a transition from the Oberlausitzer Bergland to the Eastern Upper Lusatia .

One of the three sources of the Spree is located on the southwest slope of Kottmar, the second highest mountain in the Upper Lusatian Bergland . Since this is the highest point, it is also known as the main artery.

Neighboring communities

To the district of Eibau following five municipalities border: Herrnhut in the Northeast, or joke in the southeast, Leutersdorf in the south and Ebersbach-Neugersdorf in the West. The district of Obercunnersdorf borders in the north .

Community structure

The former municipality merged in 2013 with the neighboring municipalities of Ober- and Niedercunnersdorf to form the new municipality of Kottmar. Eibau used to consist of the three districts Eibau, Neueibau and Walddorf , which are now also districts of the new municipality.

There are also settlements that have not yet been designated as districts. The Kottmarhäuser are remote from the other settlement areas of the district on the Eibauer and Walddorfer Flur. The Löbauer Wiese forms with Walddorf and that of Ebersbach / Sa. the associated Hübelhäuser a contiguous development.

history

Eibau on the Oberreit map, Sekt. Zittau, 1844/46

The oldest known documentary mention of Eibau comes from the year 1352 and can be found in the papal tithes directory for the Zittau deanery . According to a document from 1384, the Eibauer church was already part of the Zittau diaconate at that time.

Eibau is a Waldhufendorf and lies on the banks of the Landwasser . In the middle of the 16th century numerous half- timbered houses were built , which testify to the tradition of linen weaving up to the present day. Mechanical weaving mills emerged during industrialization and existed until 1989.

On January 14, 1714, King Augustus the Strong of Saxony signed the founding deed of Neueibau, which lies on both sides of the Leutersdorfer water .

In 1704 the construction of a new church began. At least 1880 people were present at the consecration on September 27, 1707. In the years 1751, 1779 and 1797 lightning struck the church, which caused the tower to burn down and the tower button and bells to be damaged during the first-mentioned impact.

From 1810 the village with the country brewery, which is now known as Privatbrauerei Eibau i.Sa. GmbH (until recently Münch-Bräu Eibau GmbH) operates, national reputation.

On January 1, 1999, the communities of Neueibau and Walddorf were incorporated with the district of Kottmarhäuser . On January 1, 2013, Eibau was incorporated into the new municipality of Kottmar.

Administrative history

Eibau community
1777 Bautzen district
1843 District Court District Löbau
1856 Ebersbach court office
1875 Official Authority Löbau
1952 Loebau district
1994 Löbau-Zittau district
2008 Goerlitz district

Population development

Eibau community OT Eibau OT Walddorf OT new building
1561 40 farmers, 28 gardeners,
218 cottagers, 48½ hooves
1777 43 possessed men, 39 gardeners,
401 cottagers, 12 devastation
98 cottagers,
4 devastation
55 cottagers,
3 devastation
1834 4210 1208 0628
1871 4598 1331 0864
1890 4367 1269 0899
1910 5244 1321 1075
1925 5179 1314 1005
1939 4814 1304 1003
1946 5394 1496 1129
1950 6016 1548 1230
1964 5181 1415 1083
1990 3916 1059 0789
2000 5328
2009 4686
2013 2981

Place name

The place name is documented as Ywa (1352), Yba (1367), Iwa (1390), Yben, Eybe (1405/1428), Ybe, Yebe (1430), Eybe (1468), Eybaw (1567) and Eybau (1768) . In connection with Neueibau , Eibau is also documented as an old building in 1875 .

Bear the name Ernst Eichler and Hans Walther from the Middle High German IWE ' yew ' to a location on or in Eibenwald or in the yew rich Aue . The Erzgebirge places Eibenstock and Eibenberg have a similar origin of their name .

Filip Rězak gave the Sorbian place name in 1920 with Jiwow , Eichler and Walther already waived in 1975 - as with most places outside the Sorbian language area - to reproduce a Sorbian place name.

politics

Local election 2009
Turnout: 69.8%
 %
60
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
55.8%
17.4%
13.5%
8.1%
5.2%
FFW

Previous parish partnerships

The former municipality of Eibau had partnerships with the municipality of Sulzbach-Laufen im Kochertal, the Walddorf district of the city of Altensteig in the Black Forest and the Czech town of Krásná Lípa (German Schönlinde ), which are now also partnerships of the municipality of Kottmar.

Culture and sights

Eibauer beer train

Museums

  • Heimat- und Humboldtmuseum in the Faktorhof (since October 31, 2012 near the B96, formerly on the Eibauer Beckenberg, built between 1864 and 1945; within the collecting activities of a scientifically oriented Heimatverein, the Humboldtverein von Alteibau; exhibition of the local history, a natural collection as well as curiosities, Rarities and two movable Christmas cribs)

Buildings

  • Basin mine with dome tower (built in 1905)
  • Lookout tower on the Kottmar
  • Source of the Spree at Kottmar
  • Church Eibau (baroque church, built from 1703 to 1707, is the second largest village church of Oberlausitz; 1702 Zittau Council decision on new construction, foundation stone was laid on 19 June 1703 the first on September 27, 1707 service, which Kirchturmbau began in 1709 and was on July 23, Completed in 1710; in 1751 it had to be rebuilt after a lightning strike, including bells and clockwork)

Cultural monuments

  • Faktorhof Eibau , (three-sided courtyard, residential house with well-preserved ceiling and wall paintings, built based on the model of the Reibersdorfer Castle, completed in 1717)

Sports

The district offers a number of sports facilities, including the Am Kottmar sports hall , the Volkshaus, the Volksbad and the fitness center in Eibau, the ski home, the Am Kottmar ski jump and the fistball court in Walddorf as well as the Berglandarena soccer field , the sports field and the bowling alley in Neueibau.

Regular events

The traditional Eibauer beer train has been held every year since 1993 at the end of June . The parade along Bundesstrasse 96 is a reminder of the historically guaranteed beer dispute between Löbau , Zittau and Görlitz in the 17th century.

Economy and Infrastructure

One of the largest employers in the region is the agricultural cooperative Eibau eG with around 120 employees . The farm currently cultivates 2731 hectares of usable land and has an animal population of 1350 cows, 1350 young cattle and 240 sows (as of 2009).

Since 1810, the Eibau-based private brewery Eibau i.Sa. GmbH , formerly Münch-Bräu Eibau GmbH, the brewing rights for the production of beer. The company is best known for its production of black beer.

traffic

The district is traversed over a length of around 5 km by the federal highway 96 and is located on the Oberoderwitz – Wilthen railway line ( South Lusatian Railway ); At the Eibau station , the line to Varnsdorf – Mittelherwigsdorf branches off.

In Dresden-Klotzsche is the nearest airport .

Public facilities

  • Tourist information Spreequellland in the Factorhof Eibau

education

The district currently maintains the Pestalozzi primary school, the Sonnenschein recreational center and the Spatzennest daycare center in Eibau, as well as the Märchenwald daycare center in Walddorf. There is also a private library in Eibau.

The middle school and Martin Andersen Nexö elementary school in Eibau, the elementary school in Walddorf and the Max and Moritz daycare center in Neueibau were gradually closed due to the falling number of children.

Sons and daughters of the place

literature

  • Gottfried Müller: Chronick von Eybau, designed in 1800. Müllersche Buchdruckerey, Zittau 1800. 16 pages.
  • Edmund Wauer: History of the industrial villages Eibau and Neueibau. A study of the economic and cultural importance of the South Lusatian villages. C. Heinrich, Dresden. 1st book 1913, 2nd book 1915.
  • M. von Koenneritz: The lame little tailor from Eibau. Verlag der Missionsbuchhandlung Herrnhut 1932.
  • J. Watzlawik: Eibau: A small local history about Kottmar and Beckenberg. 1989.
  • J. Watzlawik: Eibau in old views. European Library, Zaltbommel / Netherlands 1993. ISBN 90-288-5674-9
  • Eibau community [ed.]: 650 years of Eibau: farming village - weaving village - rural baroque village. 2002.
  • Cornelius Gurlitt : Eibau. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 34. Issue: Official Authority Löbau . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1910, p. 122.

Web links

Commons : Eibau  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Numbers and facts - population figures. Kottmar municipality, accessed on July 31, 2019 .
  2. ^ Letter E. In: Upper Lusatian Dictionary. Retrieved March 22, 2013 .
  3. Changes in the municipalities of Germany, see 1999. StBA
  4. ^ Area changes from January 1st to December 31st, 2013. StBA
  5. ^ Eibau in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  6. Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book . In: German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . tape 28 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 67 .
  7. statistik.sachsen.de
  8. faktorenhof-eibau.de