Soft-haired hollow tooth
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Soft-haired hollow tooth ( Galeopsis pubescens ) |
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The soft-haired hollow tooth or fluff hollow tooth ( Galeopsis pubescens ) is a species of plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae). It occurs scattered to widespread in Central Europe and blooms from July to September.
Appearance
The annual herbaceous plant reaches a height of 30 to 60 cm. The stem is thin, upright, spread out and sometimes double branched. At the knots it is covered with soft bristle hairs as well as with pressed down downy hairs and black-headed glandular hairs. The leaves are ovate-heart-shaped, soft-haired to glandular and equipped with 12 to 14 saw teeth on each side. They have a 1 to 4 cm long stem and are 3 to 7 cm long or 1.5 to 4 cm wide. The flowers sit in dense whorls with thorny, rather long bracts. The calyx teeth are long spiky. The corolla tube is yellowish and about 1.5 to 2 cm long. The crown is purple-pink in color, the lower lip has a purple grid pattern and a yolk yellow throat spot. The upper lip is usually bright red, somewhat shaggy and strongly arched. It rarely happens that the crown is entirely yellow.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
Distribution and location requirements
The soft-haired hollow tooth grows in weedy communities, forests, bushes and on the banks of streams and rivers. It prefers more or less fresh, nutrient-rich, often lime-free clay and sand soils. In Central Europe it is often found in societies of the order Glechometalia hederaceae and in those of the associations Arction lappae, Atropion or Bidention tripartitae.
Galeopsis pubescens occurs from eastern to central Europe, south-eastern France and northern Italy and also in the Caucasus. Overall, it has predominantly eastern distribution character. It is a temperate-continental-sub-Mediterranean floral element.
In Switzerland, the soft-haired hollow tooth occurs more frequently only in Graubünden and Ticino. Otherwise it is very rare.
The soft-haired hollow tooth is common in eastern Germany and Bavaria. In addition, it occurs only very sporadically and rarely.
Synonyms and subspecies
The soft-haired hollow tooth is very closely related to the common hollow tooth ( Galeopsis tetrahit ). Often intermediate forms of this two species are observed, which are sometimes described in the literature as Galeopsis tetrahit var. Fallax .
In Austria the following two subspecies are distinguished:
- Common hollow tooth ( Galeopsis pubescens subsp. Pubescens ) with a purple crown with a yellow throat. In Austria, the subspecies common hollow tooth ( Galeopsis pubescens subsp. Pubescens ) is mostly to be found in the east - except in the Pannonian area , where it occurs only rarely - but becomes much rarer towards the west.
- Murr-downy hollow tooth ( Galeopsis pubescens subsp. Murriana ) with a white or yellowish crown, which often has a purple mark on the middle lobe of the lower lip. The subspecies Murr-Flaum-Hohlzahn ( Galeopsis pubescens subsp. Murriana ) occurs frequently in Lower Austria , Styria , Salzburg and East Tyrol .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 801 .
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Galeopsis pubescens. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 16, 2016.
- ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
- ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
literature
- Gustav Hegi : Illustrated Flora of Central Europe , 1975, Paul Parey publishing house, Berlin and Hamburg, ISBN 3-489-78021-3
- Christian August Friedrich Garcke : Illustrierte Flora , 1972, Paul Parey publishing house, ISBN 3-489-68034-0
- Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
- August Binz , Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland , 1986, Schwabe & Co. AG, Basel, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora , 1990, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3
Web links
- Galeopsis pubescens. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Soft-haired hollow tooth . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Galeopsis pubescens Besser In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved February 16, 2016.
- Thomas Meyer: Hohlzahn data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )