Skorogoszcz
| Skorogoszcz | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Opole | ||
| Powiat : | Brzeg | ||
| Gmina : | Lewin Brzeski | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 46 ' N , 17 ° 41' E | ||
| Height : | 140-150 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 1200 (March 31, 2011) | ||
| Postal code : | 49-345 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 77 | ||
| License plate : | IF | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK94 Zgorzelec - Korczowa | ||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw Airport | ||
Skorogoszcz (German: Schurgast ) is a village in the municipality of Lewin Brzeski in the Brzeski powiat of the Polish Opole Voivodeship . The Upper Silesian town of Schurgast held town charter until 1945.
geography
Geographical location
The village is located in the west of the historical region of Upper Silesia on the right bank of the Glatzer Neisse at 159 m above sea level. NHN , six kilometers east of Lewin Brzeski ( Leuven ), 20 kilometers southeast of Brzeg (Brieg) and 19 kilometers northwest of Opole .
The surrounding area belongs to the Silesian Plain on the edge of the Glatzer Neisse valley to the Falkenberg plain .
Neighboring places
Neighboring towns of Skorogoszcz are Chróścina ( Weißdorf ) in the east, Borkowice ( Borkwitz ) in the southeast , Lewin Brzeski ( Leuven ) and Buszyce ( Buchitz ) in the west and Wronów ( Frohnau ) and Mikolin ( Nikoline ) in the north .
history
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The place Schurgast was first mentioned in 1223 as Scorogostov most , and the inauguration of the church in the presence of Bishop Lorenz von Breslau is also mentioned. In 1228 the place is mentioned as Scorogostov . In 1239 the place was mentioned as Storogostomnost . In 1271 the place received city rights. 1300 a bailiff and a customs office are mentioned for Schurgast. In 1328 the city of Surgasd was acquired by Duke Boleslaw in exchange for Bowallno.
In 1719 a fire destroyed almost the entire place. On September 14, 1741, the Prussian army moved into Schurgast. The reconstruction of the place was still in progress and in 1741 had just under 300 inhabitants. After the First Silesian War in 1742, Schurgast and most of Silesia fell to Prussia . Shortly afterwards, work began on building a fort around Schurgast. Shortly after this was completed, the facility was abandoned. The town charter, which had been lost due to the fire, was granted again in 1760 by King Friedrich II. In 1770 a Protestant school was set up in the village. In 1783 the place had 62 citizens.
In 1802, work began on the Protestant church on the Ring. The church was completed in 1806 and consecrated on September 30, 1806. After the reorganization of the province of Silesia , the rural community Schurgast belonged from 1816 to the district of Falkenberg OS in the administrative district of Opole . In 1825, the Protestant church in Schurgast was also given a steeple. On June 16, 1835, the place was destroyed again by fire. 24 residential buildings, 45 others and the Catholic parish church were destroyed. In 1845 the place consisted of the village community Schurgast and the castle community Schurgast. The village community had 21 houses and 150 inhabitants, 74 of them Protestant. The castle community consisted of a castle, a brick, a brewery, a distillery and 34 houses. In 1845, 294 people lived in the castle parish, 144 of them Protestants. In 1865, 705 people lived in the village, 361 of them Catholic, 337 Protestant and seven Jewish. In 1874 the administrative district of Schurgast Castle was founded, which consisted of the rural communities Schurgast, Dorf, Schurgast, Castle and Weißdorf and the manor districts Schurgast and Weißdorf. The first head of office was the manor owner of Cramon in Schurgast. In 1885 Schurgast had 719 inhabitants. At the beginning of the 20th century there was a basket weaving school and a basket weaving workshop in Schurgast .
In 1930 a steel bridge was built over the Glatzer Neisse. In 1933 Schurgast had 1,096 inhabitants, in 1939 the place had 1,224 inhabitants. Until 1945 the place was in the district of Falkenberg OS
When the Red Army approached towards the end of World War II , the population of Schurgast fled on January 22, 1945. Shortly thereafter, the war front advanced as far as the city. The fighting over Schurgast lasted about two weeks. Due to the fighting and the subsequent invasion of the Red Army on February 4, 1945, numerous buildings in the village were destroyed, including the Protestant church and the buildings on the Ring. The remains of the church were later removed.
After the war ended in 1945, the region was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet Union . The previously German place Schurgast has been renamed Skorogoszcz . The immigration of Polish migrants began, some of whom came from areas east of the Curzon Line , where they had belonged to the Polish minority. The remaining German natives were evicted by the local Polish administration in June 1946 .
1950 came the place, which had initially been assigned to the Wroclaw Voivodeship, to the Opole Voivodeship . In 1999 the place came to the powiat Brzeski .
Demographics
| year | population | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1816 | 419 | |
| 1825 | 341 | 165 Catholics, five Jews |
| 1840 | 444 | thereof 218 Evangelicals (with the castle community: 294 inhabitants, thereof 144 Evangelicals) |
| 1855 | 717 | |
| 1861 | 705 | thereof 337 Evangelicals, 361 Catholics, seven Jews |
| 1867 | 694 | on December 3rd |
| 1871 | 720 | 360 of them Evangelicals; according to other data 720 inhabitants (on December 1), including 336 Evangelicals, 383 Catholics, one Jew |
| 1905 | 949 | 459 of them Evangelicals |
| 1910 | 904 | on December 1st, excluding castle and manor district (222 inhabitants) |
| 1933 | 1096 | |
| 1939 | 1224 |
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 2006 | 1200 |
| 2011 | 1200 |
Attractions
- The Roman Catholic Church of St. James (Polish Kościół św. Jakuba Apostoła ) was built in 1852 in the neo-Romanesque style. A previous building was built in the 13th century, which was destroyed by fire in 1835. The brick building has a rectangular choir and a massive bell tower on a rectangular floor plan at the west portal. The main altar is decorated with figures of St. James and St. Katharina, which date from the 16th century. Inside is the painting Kiss of Judas by Raphael Schall from 1853. The church building was listed as a historical monument in 1966.
- The Schurgast Castle was destroyed by the war in 1945. However, the adjacent castle park has been preserved .
- The Protestant cemetery was created in 1750 and placed under monument protection in 1994.
- The water tower from 1910 was listed as a historical monument in 1999.
societies
- Volunteer Fire Brigade OSP Skorogoszcz
- Sports club LZS Skorogoszcz
Personalities
- Karl Gratza (1820–1876), German Catholic clergyman and member of the German Reichstag, between 1853 and 1865 parish administrator in Schurgast
- Joseph Wolny (1844–1908), Catholic clergyman and member of the German Reichstag, pastor in Schurgast between 1868–1884
- Fedor von Spiegel (1845–1907), manor owner and member of the German Reichstag
traffic
The state road Droga krajowa 94 runs through the village .
literature
- Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 1156-1158 .
- Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth Description of the Prussian Monarchy , Volume 3, Part 1, Halle 1792, pp. 24-25 .
- Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, p. 615 .
Web links
- Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon , fifth edition, volume 2. Leipzig 1911., p. 660.
- Meyers Konversations-Lexikon , 1888
Individual evidence
- ↑ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku ( XLSX file, Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on August 19, 2019
- ↑ a b c d e f g Heimatverein des Kreis Falkenberg O / S: Heimatbuch des Kreis Falkenberg in Oberschlesien. Scheinfeld, 1971. p. 216
- ^ Johann Georg Knie: Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preuss. Province of Silesia. Breslau 1845, p. 615.
- ↑ Cf. Felix Triest: Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien. Breslau 1865, p. 1156.
- ^ Territorial district of Schurgast Castle / Weißdorf
- ↑ AGoFF county Falkenberg OS
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 18, Leipzig / Vienna 1909, p. 83 .
- ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Falkenberg (Polish Niemodlin). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 4: P – S , Halle 1823 p. 285, item 3295 .
- ↑ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration. Melcher, Breslau 1830, p. 706 .
- ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, p. 615 .
- ↑ a b Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 1125, paragraph 72 .
- ^ A b Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Silesia and their population. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 390–391, item 3 .
- ^ Gustav Neumann : The German Empire in geographical, statistical and topographical relation . Volume 2, GFO Müller, Berlin 1874, pp. 171-172, paragraph 4 .
- ↑ gemeindeververzeichnis.de
- ↑ a b M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
- ^ Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland. Silesia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich et al. 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , pp. 847–848.
- ↑ a b c Monument register of the Opole Voivodeship (Polish; PDF; 913 kB)
Błażejowice (Theresienberg) | Borkowice (Borkwitz) | Buszyce (Buchitz) | Chróścina (Weißdorf) | Golczowice (Golschwitz) | Jasiona (Jeschen) | Kantorowice (Kantersdorf) | Leśniczówka (forest area) | Łosiów (Lossen) | Mikolin (Nikoline) | Nowa Wieś Mała (Klein Neudorf) | Oldrzyszowice (Hilbersdorf) | Ptakowice (Taschenberg) | Przecza (Arnsdorf) | Różyna (Rosenthal) | Sarny Małe (Great Sarne) | Skorogoszcz (Schurgast) | Stroszowice (Stroschwitz) | Strzelniki ( hunting village ) | Wronów (Frohnaut)