Henryków (Ziębice)

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Henryków
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Henryków (Poland)
Henryków
Henryków
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Ząbkowice Śląskie
Geographic location : 50 ° 40 ′  N , 17 ° 1 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 40 ′ 0 ″  N , 17 ° 1 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 430 m npm
Residents : 1400
Postal code : 57-210
Telephone code : (+48) 74
License plate : DZA
Economy and Transport
Street : Ziębice - Strzelin
Rail route : Wroclaw – Kamieniec Ząbkowicki
Next international airport : Wroclaw



Henryków [ xɛn'rɨkuf ] (German Heinrichau ) is a village in the powiat Ząbkowicki in the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia . It belongs to the urban and rural municipality Ziębice ( Münsterberg ). It gained its importance through the Cistercian monastery of Heinrichau of the same name .

Geographical

The village is located on the Ohle , in the Wzgórza Strzelińskie ( Strehlen Mountains ), which belongs to the Sudetes , about 60 km south of Wroclaw . Neighboring towns are Wadochowice ( Wiesenthal ) in the north, Raczyce ( Rätsch ) in the northeast, Nowy Dwór ( Neuhof ) in the southwest, Ziębice in the south, Krzelków ( Krelkau ) in the southeast, Muszkowice ( Moschwitz ) in the west and Stary Henryków ( Alt Heinrichau ) in the northwest . Droga wojewódska 395 runs through the village from Ziębice to Strzelin .

history

The place Heinrichau developed around the monastery of the same name Heinrichau , which was donated in 1222 with the permission of Duke Heinrich I of Silesia by his notary, the Breslau canon Nikolaus. The Heinrichauer Gründungsbuch, which was kept as a monastery chronicle and recorded, among other things, the damage caused by the Mongolian storm, provides information about events from 1250 to 1310 .

Politically, Heinrichau belonged to the Duchy of Breslau until 1290 , then to the Duchy of Schweidnitz and from 1321 to the Duchy of Münsterberg . With this together it came to the Crown of Bohemia in 1336 after the Polish King Casimir III. the Great had renounced Silesia as early as 1335 with the Treaty of Trenčín . The rulership rights over the place were exercised by the monastery, whose abbots founded a Latin school and an agricultural school. During the Hussite Wars , the town and monastery suffered severe damage, as did the Thirty Years War when the Swedes burned Heinrichau. An economic and cultural boom took place in the second half of the 17th century under Abbot Heinrich Kahlert (1681–1702), who, among other things, rebuilt and expanded the monastery church and monastery buildings with well-known artists into a splendid Cistercian abbey in the Baroque style.

After the First Silesian War , Heinrichau and almost all of Silesia fell to Prussia . The subsequent state measures inhibited the further development of the monastery and thus of Heinrichau as well. In 1810 the monastery was opened by the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. canceled. The monastery buildings and the associated monastery property were taken over by his sister Friederike Louise Wilhelmine , who later became Queen of the Netherlands. In 1863 Heinrichau was sold to the Grand Dukes of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach , who owned it until it was expropriated in 1945.

In administrative terms, Heinrichau belonged to the Münsterberg district from 1816, which was linked to the Frankenstein district in 1932 . In 1874 the district of Heinrichau was established, to which, in addition to Heinrichau, the rural communities of Alt Heinrichau, Moschwitz, Neuhof, Taschenberg, Zesselwitz and Zinkwitz as well as the manor districts of Alt Heinrichau, Heinrichau, Moschwitz, Taschenberg and Zesselwitz belonged.

After the end of World War II , Heinrichau, like most of Silesia, was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in 1945 . The Poles introduced the Polish place name Henryków for Heinrichau . The purely German population at that time was expelled from Heinrichau by the local Polish administrative authority .

In 1947 the Cracow branch of the Cistercian Order succeeded in acquiring the monastery church and part of the monastery property. Much of the building was nationalized by the communist authorities and served as an agricultural technical center. After the political change in 1989, the monastery complex became the property of the Archdiocese of Wroclaw in 1991 . Subsequently, Archbishop Henryk Gulbinowicz founded in Henryków an external training center of the Wroclaw Seminary for first year priests. From 1975 to 1998 Henryków belonged to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship (German Waldenburg ).

Attractions

  • The monastery Heinrichau with monastery church, monastery buildings, cloister garden and park is a monument .
    • The monastery church of the Assumption of Mary and St. John the Baptist , consecrated in 1228, is a three-aisled basilica of the Morimond II type . It contains a rich baroque interior. The architectural main altar was created by the Grüssau sculptor Georg Schrötter in 1681–1684 , the altar painting “Birth of Christ in the vision of St. Bernhard ”and“ Redeemer of the World ”by the painter Michael Willmann . The altar statues, including Duke Heinrich I and his wife Hedwig von Andechs , were made by the sculptor Matthias Steinl. The renaissance choir stalls from 1576 were made Baroque in the second half of the 17th century, using templates by Michael Willmann with scenes from the Grüssau Passion Book for the 36 bas-reliefs on the armrests . The numerous side chapels in the late Gothic and Renaissance styles were built from 1506, one of which served as the burial place of the dukes of Münsterberg . The paintings on the side altars are by Michael Willmann and his stepson Johann Christoph Lischka and the Glogau painter Johann Kretschmer. The renaissance church tower was built in 1608, the baroque facade was created by the master builder Matthias Kirchberger from 1687–1698.
    • The monastery buildings were built by Matthias Kirchberger under Abbot Heinrich Kahlert from 1682 to 1685. Numerous structural details have been preserved, including tiled stoves from the 17th and 18th centuries. The refectory contains wall paintings from the end of the 17th century. The abbots' residence, however, was the nearby moated castle of Schönjohnsdorf .
    • In the monastery courtyard there is the Josephsbrunnen from 1696, a Trinity column from 1698 and a Nepomuk column from 1789.
    • The monastery garden adjoining it to the south and the abbots' summer pavilion was laid out in 1701 in the style of Italian gardens . Of the original four fountains, three still exist. On the north side is the orangery from 1727.
    • The 106 hectare landscape park with old trees was created between 1863 and 1871 in place of the former zoo according to a design by Eduard Petzold . It contains the tomb of its former owner, Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, who spent the last years of his life in Heinrichau.
  • The St. Andreas Chapel was built in the 14th century. It served as a parish church until the monastery was secularized . To the west of the chapel is a baroque statue of St. John of Nepomuk from 1729.
  • Houses from the 18th century as well as the "Holy Bridge" from 1779 with figures of hll. John of Nepomuk and Laurentius.

Personalities

  • Franz Nitschke (1808–1883), pastor of Rengersdorf, member of the Prussian state parliament and from 1881 to 1883 grand dean and vicar of the County of Glatz.
  • Friedrich Grund (1814–1892), hydraulic engineer

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinrichau district