Felix Platter (medic, 1536)

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Hans Bock : Felix Platter with exotic plants and ancient ruins (1584)

Felix Platter (the elder) (born October 28, 1536 in Basel ; † July 28, 1614 there ) was a Swiss doctor, anatomist and psychiatrist. He was then also called Platerus . His nephew of the same name Felix Platter (1605–1671) was also a doctor .

Biography and reception

Felix Platter's parents were the humanist Thomas Platter the Elder , printer and teacher in Basel, and Anna Dietschi. Felix Platter had three sisters who were older than him, and six half-siblings from his father's second marriage. He grew up in the Protestant faith of Zwingli 'schism. In 1557 he married Margarete, the daughter of councilor and surgeon Franz Jeckelmann , who aroused his interest in anatomy; the marriage remained childless.

Platter enrolled in Basel in 1551 to study medicine , studied medicine in Montpellier with Guillaume Rondelet from 1552 to 1556 and then, after wandering through France, worked as a doctor in Basel, where he also received his doctorate in medicine in 1557 and married . In 1571 he was appointed city ​​doctor and professor for “practical medicine” at the University of Basel, of which he was rector and dean several times. He was famous as a collector of art, musical instruments, specimens and rocks and was friends with Basilius Amerbach . On his trip to Italy in 1580, Montaigne didn’t miss to visit his herbarium .

Platter was a pioneer of pathological anatomy who conducted public dissections in Basel as early as 1559, and one of the founders of forensic medicine . His forensic duties included, among other things, the supervision of the professional activities of surgeons, pharmacists and midwives as well as epidemics. Under the influence of optics , he found out in 1583 that the lens of the eye is used to focus the image on the fundus and substantiated his theory with clear pathological cases. In his three-volume textbook Praxeos medicae opus (1602–1608), Platter gave a general overview of clinical medicine. In the plague report on the Basel plague epidemic of 1610 and 1611, he shows himself to be a pioneering epidemiologist . The Observationes of 1614 offer a collection of medical histories .

In addition, in Basel he presented a system of mental disorders based on precise clinical-psychopathological observations. In it he described obsessive-compulsive and delusional symptoms, hypochondria , melancholy , delirium , alcoholism , jealousy and symptoms of "stupor". Individual symptoms were presented, which were then combined into syndromes .

In his culturally and historically significant diary , which was only published in 1840, he reports on his youth, his life as a student in France and the first time in Basel until 1561. This autobiographical work forms the basis for three psychobiographical studies on Felix Platter, in particular the Focused on problematic father-son relationships.

In Basel, a hospital was named after Felix Platter: the Felix Platter Hospital . It is located near the French border.

Works

  • De partium corporis humani structura eius et usu. 3 volumes, Basel 1583.
  • Description of the city of Basel 1610 and plague report 1610/11. Edited by Valentin Lötscher. Schwabe, Basel / Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-7965-0860-X
  • Observationes in hominibus affectibus plerisque corpori et animo functionum laesione, dolore aliave molestia et vitio incommodantibus. Libri tres. Basel 1614; German: Observationes. Disease Observations in Three Books. 1st book: Functional disorders of the sense and movement. Translated by Günther Goldschmidt, edited and edited. by Heinrich Buess . Huber, Bern / Stuttgart 1963.
  • Historia vitae Thomas Platteri. Zurich 1724; German: biography. Edited by M. Lutz, Basel 1790.
  • Diary (biography) 1536-1567. Edited by Valentin Loetscher. Schwabe, Basel / Stuttgart 1976.

literature

  • Casimir Bumiller: The "self-analysis" of the doctor Felix Platter. In: Ralph Frenken; Martin Rheinheimer (ed.): The psychohistory of experience. (= Psychohistorische Forschungen, Volume 2) , Kiel 2000, 303-324.
  • Ralph Frenken: Childhood and autobiography from the 14th to 17th centuries: Psychohistorical reconstructions. 2 volumes. (= Psychohistorical research. Volume 1/1 and 1/2) . Oetker-Voges, Kiel 1999, 487-537.
  • Katharina Huber: Felix Platters "Observationes". Studies on the early modern health system in Basel . Schwabe, Basel 2003, ISBN 3-7965-2022-7 (also dissertation, University of Basel 2003)
  • Stephan Pastenaci: Narrative form and personality representation in German-language autobiographies of the 16th century: a contribution to historical psychology. WVT Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, Trier 1993, 225–242
  • Stephan Pastenaci:  Platter, Felix. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , p. 518 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Theo R. Payk: Psychopathology. From symptom to diagnosis . Springer-Verlag , Heidelberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-35451-2
  • Gustav Steiner : Doctors and surgeons. Surgical guild and medical faculty in Basel. In: Basler Jahrbuch 1954, pp. 179–209; here: pp. 180–195.
  • Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Plat (t) er, Felix. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter , Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1169 f.

Web links

Commons : Felix Platter  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gustav Steiner: Doctors and surgeons. Surgical guild and medical faculty in Basel. In: Basler Jahrbuch. 1954, pp. 179-209; here: pp. 186–191
  2. ↑ Barbara I. Tshisuaka (2005), p. 1169.
  3. ↑ Dieter Sasse: At the beginning of modern times: the doctor Felix Platter (1536–1614) and the humanist Thomas Platter (1499? –1582). In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 23, 2004, pp. 328-338; here: p. 328.
  4. ↑ Felix Platter as a collector and art lover
  5. ↑ Barbara I. Tshisuaka (2005), p. 1169.
  6. ↑ Dieter Sasse (2004), p. 328.
  7. ^ Johanna Bleker: The history of kidney diseases , Boehringer Mannheim , Mannheim 1972, pp. 25 and 128.
  8. ↑ Pastenaci, narrative form and personality representation ... , p. 232 ff .; Frenken, Childhood and Autobiography…, p. 517 ff .; Bumiller, Die Selbstanalyse ..., p. 311 ff.
personal data
SURNAME Platter, Felix
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss physician and autobiographical writer
DATE OF BIRTH October 28, 1536
PLACE OF BIRTH Basel
DATE OF DEATH July 28, 1614
Place of death Basel