Makbul Ibrahim Pasha

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Portrait of the Grand Vizier Ibrahim Pascha
( Sebald Beham , printed by Hans Guldenmund , Vienna around 1530)

Ibrahim Pasha (ابراهیم پاشا / İA İbrāhīm Paşa ; * around 1493 at Parga , Epirus ; † March 15, 1536 in Istanbul ), calledمقبول / maḳbūl  / 'the favorite' and laterمقتول / maḳtūl  / 'the executed', was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire between 1523 and 1536 . Due to the special proximity to Süleyman the Magnificent , whom he referred to as his "brother", he had a special position with extraordinary powers compared to other dignitaries.

Life

The origin of Ibrahim Pasha cannot be determined with certainty. Presumably "the European" (فرنك / frenk ) born around 1493 in a village near Parga on the coast of Epirus . His father, a Greek fisherman or boatman, probably later converted to Islam under the name Yūnūs . Under what circumstances and when exactly Ibrahim came to the court of Şehzade Suleyman as a slave cannot be conclusively clarified either.

After his accession to the throne in 1520, Suleyman raised his "bosom friend" Ibrahim to the rank of Agha with his appointment as Colonel Falconer (iç-şāhīnciler-aġası) and head of the grand chamber (ḫāṣṣ-oṭa-başı) . In June 1523 Ibrahim Agha was appointed Grand Vizier and at the same time Beğler-beğisi of Rumelia , contrary to custom . Whether he married Hatice Sultan , Suleyman's sister, and thus became a Dāmād , is controversial. The wedding, which lasted several weeks and was organized with great splendor, speaks for this, but neither contemporary sources nor the majority of later chronicles provide any information about a grand brotherhood.

Ibrahim Pascha was considered ambitious, intelligent and well-educated, spoke several languages ​​and was very interested in art and music . Above all, however, he also enjoyed an excellent reputation as a diplomat ; in particular, he knew every detail about the relations between the European states. The culmination of his life's work was an alliance between the Ottoman Empire and France against the Habsburgs .

Ibrahim Pascha was in charge of the tactical leadership of the siege of Vienna in 1529 . His plan was to undermine the Kärntnertor and shoot it ready for a storm, which seemed to him to be the weakest point in the city's fortifications. Süleyman approved the project on October 1st and the Ottoman artillery opened fire. After the loss-making attack on October 14, the Sultan did not see the failure of his troops as a defeat and did not blame the Grand Vizier in any way. On the night of October 15, the withdrawal began because of the beginning of winter.

On March 15, 1536 Ibrahim Pasha was strangled in the Topkapı Palace .

Ibrahim Pasha lived in his own palace at the hippodrome , the remains of which are now the Museum of Turkish and Islamic Art . He was the patron and patron of the court poet Hayâlî (1500–1557).

literature

  • Hester Donaldson Jenkins: Ibrahim Pasha. Grand Vizir of Suleiman the Magnificent . Longmans, Green & Co., New York 1911 (digitized from archive.org ).
  • Hans Georg Majer: Ibrahim Pascha . In: Biographical Lexicon on the History of Southeast Europe . Volume 2. Munich 1976, pp. 210-212
  • Josef Matuz: Suleyman the Magnificent. In: Exempla historica. Vol. 26, Frankfurt 1983, pp. 173 ff.

Web links

Commons : Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. Seldom tooمحبوب / maḥbūb orمرغوب / merġūb .
  2. ^ Cf. İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı: Kanunî Sultan Süleyman'ın Vezir-i Âzamı Makbûl ve Maktûl İbrahim Paşa Padişah Damadı Değildi. In: Belleten. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Volume 29, No. 114, April 1965, pp. 355-361 (360).
  3. Joseph von Hammer: History of the Ottoman Empire. For the most part from previously unused manuscripts and archives. Volume 3, C. A. Hartleben's Verlag, Pest 1828, p. 32.
  4. Josef Matuz: The Ottoman Empire. Baseline of its history. 6th edition. Primus Verlag, Darmstadt 2010, ISBN 978-3-89678-703-3 , p. 120.
  5. Feridun Emecen: İbrâhim Paşa, Makbul. In: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. Vol. 21, TDV Yayını, Istanbul 2000, pp. 333-335.
  6. Josef Matuz: The Ottoman Empire. Baseline of its history. 6th edition. Primus Verlag, Darmstadt 2010, ISBN 978-3-89678-703-3 , p. 118.
  7. ^ Cf. İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı: Kanunî Sultan Süleyman'ın Vezir-i Âzamı Makbûl ve Maktûl İbrahim Paşa Padişah Damadı Değildi. In: Belleten. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Volume 29, No. 114, April 1965, pp. 355-361.
  8. Cf. Çağatay Uluçay: Kanunî Sultan Süleyman ve Ailesi ile İlgili Bazı Notlar ve Vesikalar. In: Kanunî Armağanı. TTK, Ankara 1970, pp. 227-257 (233 ff.).
  9. See Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall: History of the Ottoman Empire. For the most part from previously unused manuscripts and archives. Volume 3, C. A. Hartleben's Verlag, Pest 1828, p. 38 f.
  10. In particular, Celāl-zāde Muṣṭafā Çelebi: Ṭabaḳāt ül-Memālik ve Derecāt ül-Mesālik.
  11. For an exception, see the chronicle of Müneccim-başı; Aḥmed Nedīm: Müneccim-başı Tārīḫi. Vol. 3, Maṭbaʿa-ʾi ʿĀmire, Istanbul 1285 (1868), p. 481 (short version translated into Turkish).
  12. ^ Cf. İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı: Kanunî Sultan Süleyman'ın Vezir-i Âzamı Makbûl ve Maktûl İbrahim Paşa Padişah Damadı Değildi. In: Belleten. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Volume 29, No. 114, April 1965, pp. 355-361 (355 ff.).
predecessor Office successor
Piri Mehmed Pasha Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
1523–1536
Ayas Mehmed Pasha