Scuola Grande di San Marco
Coordinates: 45 ° 26 ′ 22.9 " N , 12 ° 20 ′ 29.3" E
The Scuola Grande di San Marco in Venice is an early Venetian Renaissance building right next to the Church of San Zanipolo . Today the building is the main entrance to the Ospedale Civile SS. Giovanni e Paolo di Venezia hospital .
history
The Scuola was the seat of a lay brotherhood that was founded in 1260. Originally the brotherhood had its seat in the church of Santa Croce, in the place of which today the Giardini Papadopoli are located. Around 1437 the brotherhood moved to the Scuola Grande di San Marco. In this context, the word scuola does not mean “school” in the sense of “learning institution”, but is a name for guilds and lay brotherhoods with charitable and spiritual tasks. The Scuola Grande di San Marco was one of the six large brotherhood houses. On March 30, 1485, the original building was destroyed by fire. The building that still exists today was built in the early Venetian Renaissance style. Pietro Lombardo began the construction 1488-1490, Mauro Codussi continued it until 1495 and finished the facade and the large interior staircase. The Lombardo family was officially no longer involved, but continued to supply ornaments and sculptures to Codussi. The building housed the Scuola until all brotherhoods except for the Scuola Grande di San Rocco were dissolved by Napoleon in the early 19th century . In 1808 the building was first converted into an Austrian military hospital, and since 1819 the building has housed a civilian hospital. The valuable stairs in the inner house were destroyed during the renovation. In the First World War, which was Sala di San Marco destroyed. The facade was renovated from 2000 to 2004.
architecture
Facade and exterior architecture
The facade is divided into two sections, each with its own entrance portal. With aedicules and pilaster strips , the building is a jewel from the early Renaissance. The facade is famous for the large reliefs made of illusionistic polychrome marble incrustations , which are supposed to create the impression of open halls that are flush with the depths.
The marble decoration and the reliefs of the lower part (two Leoni marciani and Storie di San Marco ) are attributed to the Lombardo family. The main portal is decorated with columns and in its archivolt there is a lunette with the relief of San Marco venerato dai confratelli ( San Marco venerated by the confreres ) attributed to Bartolomeo Bon .
Interior decoration
The basement consists of the large entrance hall, stripped of all ornaments, from which a large two-flight staircase leads up. It is a reconstruction from the 19th century. The original, designed by Condussi, was destroyed when it was converted into a hospital. There was no passage to the hospital behind the Scuola until the beginning of the 19th century. To the right of the main entrance, a second entrance led into the former administration rooms of the Scuola.
On the upper floor, where the medical library is today, are the great hall and the so-called Sala del albergo , with magnificent gilded coffered ceilings . The other ceilings were richly painted, in contrast to the ceiling paintings of the Scuola Grande di San Rocco , which had not been dissolved , the paintings were lost when the brotherhood was dissolved. Some paintings by Jacopo Palma (the old man) , Jacopo Palma (the boy) , Domenico Tintoretto , Vittore Belliniano and Padovanino were brought back into the building, others (for example by Giovanni Bellini and Jacopo Tintoretto ) are now in the Galleria dell'Accademia in Florence or in the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Venice jcr on the history and architecture of the Scuola Grande di San Marco
- ↑ This staircase, which Giovanni Bellini was also involved in planning , was the model for other staircases in other suole. S. Philip Lidsay Sohm: The Saircases of the Venetian Scuole Grandi and Marco Codussi . In: Architettura 8 (1978) pp. 125-149