Johann Ernst I (Saxe-Weimar)
Johann Ernst of Saxe-Weimar , called " the Younger " (born February 21, 1594 in Altenburg ; † December 4, 1626 in Martin (Slovakia) ), was Duke of Saxe-Weimar from 1615 to 1620 . He came from the family of the Ernestine Wettins .
Life
Johann Ernst was the eldest son of Duke Johann von Sachsen-Weimar (1570–1605) from his marriage to Dorothea Maria von Anhalt (1574–1617), a sister of Prince Ludwig I of Anhalt-Köthen . The future dukes Friedrich von Sachsen-Weimar , Wilhelm IV. Von Sachsen-Weimar , Albrecht von Sachsen-Eisenach , Johann Friedrich von Sachsen-Weimar , Ernst I von Sachsen-Gotha and Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar are Johann Ernst's younger brothers.
Johann Ernst received his first education from his tutor and court master Friedrich von Kospoth . From 1608 he studied together with his brother Friedrich at the University of Jena . The two were accompanied and supervised by the later Court Marshal Kaspar von Teutleben and the Preceptor Friedrich Hortleder . An almost two-year cavalier tour in 1613/14 through France, Great Britain and the Netherlands completed his studies.
Johann Ernst's father died in 1605 and left eight underage sons, for whom Emperor Rudolf II appointed the Albertine Saxon Elector Christian II . After his death in 1611, Johann Ernst tried to come of age with the emperor with the help of his mother in order to be able to take over the regency and guardianship of his brothers himself. This was denied. Instead, Christian's brother and successor, Elector Johann Georg I , took over the guardianship. The dispute about this is even reflected in a chronogram on coins of the Achtbrüdertaler from 1612 to 1616 .
In 1615 Johann Ernst came of age and took over the government in Saxe-Weimar and the guardianship of his brothers who were still underage. As regent, Duke Johann Ernst promoted the reforms of Wolfgang Ratke in Weimar, the school reforms by Johannes Kromayer and Johann Weidner, the duke granted the right to print in Jena and Weimar from 1618. On August 24, 1617, the Fruit Bringing Society was founded at Hornstein Castle in Weimar . Duke Johann Ernst was one of the founding members. He was given the Käumling as the company name and betrayed as the motto , but not stifled . As an emblem he was given the grain in the earth, partly grown . His entry can be found in the Koethen company register under no.3.
From 1620 Duke Johann Ernst served as colonel under Elector Friedrich V of the Palatinate , the "Winter King". After his defeat in the Battle of White Mountain on November 8, 1620, Duke Johann Ernst refused to submit to the emperor without any conditions. Therefore, he resigned as Duke of Saxe-Weimar and handed over the business of government to his brothers. Basically set against the House of Habsburg , he fought alternately as a Dutch cavalry master or Danish lieutenant general of the cavalry in Westphalia and Lower Saxony. As such, he took part in the conquest of Silesia and then followed Count Peter Ernst II von Mansfeld to Hungary. Duke Johann Ernst died there on December 6, 1626 at the age of 32 in Martin, in today's Slovakia.
literature
- Ernst Wülcker : Johann Ernst (Danish general) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, pp. 352-360.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lev Goldenberg: Chronogram and motto on the Achtbrüdertaler 1612 and 1613 von Sachsen-Weimar , 2006, pp. 27-29
Web links
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Johann III. |
Duke of Saxe-Weimar 1615 - 1620 |
William IV |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Johann Ernst I. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Johann Ernst the Younger |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duke of Saxe-Weimar |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 21, 1594 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Altenburg |
| DATE OF DEATH | 4th December 1626 |
| Place of death | Martin (Slovakia) |