Wolfgang Ratke

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Wolfgang Ratke or Wolfgangus Ratichius (born October 18, 1571 in Wilster / Holstein ; † April 27, 1635 in Erfurt ) was a German didactic and pedagogue of the Baroque period.

Life

Wolfgang Ratke was born on October 18, 1571 in Wilster / Holstein. He was his parents' only son. His father, Andreas Ratke, seems to have died early; his mother, Margareta Rost, died on May 29, 1613 at the age of 66.

After first schooling at the Hamburgisches Johanneum , he studied mathematics, philosophy and theology in Rostock and Helmstedt. He then stayed in Holland and studied several newer (French, English and Italian) and old (Latin, Greek and Chaldean) languages.

In connection with Bacon's philosophy, Ratke invented a new teaching method, especially for language lessons, which he presented to the German imperial estates assembled in Frankfurt in 1612 . He started from the idea of ​​the tabula rasa . He demanded that elementary education should primarily teach the mother tongue and natural history. Although his proposals were widely discussed, they were taken up only hesitantly.

In 1618 he was called to Köthen by Ludwig von Anhalt , around the same time as Everwin von Droste zu Möllenbeck . Ratke set up schools for boys and girls in Koethen. The lessons were held in classes according to its didactic principles. Great importance was attached to clarity and native speaker education, and learning of contexts was preferred to memorizing. The teacher Christian Gueintz from Halle was among the teachers who were obliged by Ratke to Koethen .

The Princely Printing House, set up by Ratke specifically for the production of Ratichian didactic textbooks, was the first German school book publisher. Foreign-language books appeared in parallel editions in German and the original language, because the Ratichian teaching method required that the student should first familiarize himself with the text in German translation before confronting him with the foreign language.

Through his activities he was one of the founders of modern education. The term " didactics " was only introduced by him. At the end of 1619 he was accused of heresy , deceit and belonging to the Rosicrucians , and he was therefore imprisoned for nine months in the tower of Warmsdorf Castle. After unsuccessful attempts to gain a foothold in Halle (Saale) and Magdeburg , he reformed the girls' school in Rudolstadt in 1624 .

After the Swedes intervened in the war , he tried to win Gustav II Adolf and the Swedish Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna for his school program.

Ratke's teachings influenced u. a. Johann Amos Comenius and worked into the education of the Enlightenment ( Johann Bernhard Basedow and Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi ).

Commemorative envelope of the GDR, issued on the 350th anniversary of Wolfgang Ratke's death in 1985

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ corpse sermon Meyfart, Johann Matthäus: Programma Publicum In exequiis clarissimi & Excellentissimi Viri Dn. Wolfgangi Ratichii, Didactici, ... - 1635
  2. ↑ corpse sermon Meyfart, Johann Matthäus: Programma Publicum In exequiis clarissimi & Excellentissimi Viri Dn. Wolfgangi Ratichii, Didactici, ... - 1635
  3. ↑ corpse sermon Meyfart, Johann Matthäus: Programma Publicum In exequiis clarissimi & Excellentissimi Viri Dn. Wolfgangi Ratichii, Didactici, ... - 1635
  4. ↑ See the entry of Wolfgang Ratke's matriculation in the Rostock matriculation portal
personal data
SURNAME Ratke, Wolfgang
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ratichius, Wolfgang
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German didactic and pedagogue
DATE OF BIRTH October 18, 1571
PLACE OF BIRTH Wilster , Holstein
DATE OF DEATH April 27, 1635
Place of death Erfurt