Clostridia
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| Rainey , 2010 |
Clostridia refers to a class of predominantly gram-positive , anaerobic to aerotolerant endospore-forming bacteria . The class is defined exclusively by the sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA . With regard to morphology, physiology, ecology and cell wall chemistry, it is extremely diverse and shows no autapomorphies compared to the other Firmicutes ; for example, it includes gram-negative genera in addition to gram-positive ones.
The class was already proposed in Volume 2 of the second edition of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology in 2005 , but was only described in Volume 3 in 2009 and in 2010 via the Validation List of the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology ( IJSEM ) according to the requirements of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria validly published. In addition to the most species-rich order Clostridiales, it also includes the orders Halanaerobiales , Natranaerobiales (only family: Natranaerobiaceae ) and Thermoanaerobacteriales and some isolates that have not been classified in any more detail.
List of orders and families
According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the class comprises the following orders and families:
- Order Clostridiales Prévot 1953
- Caldicoprobacteraceae Yokoyama et al. 2010
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Clostridiaceae Pribram 1933
- Clostridia ( Clostridium Prazmowski 1880) and 20 other genera
- Eubacteriaceae Ludwig et al. 2010
- Gracilibacteraceae Lee et al. 2010
- Heliobacteriaceae (not validly described in terms of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria )
- Lachnospiraceae Rainey 2010
- Peptococcaceae Rogosa 1971
- Peptostreptococcaceae Ezaki 2010
- Ruminococcaceae Rainey 2010
- Syntrophomonadaceae Zhao et al. 1993
- Veillonellaceae Rogosa 1971
- Order Halanaerobiales corrig. Rainey & Zhilina 1995
- Halanaerobiaceae corrig. Oren et al. 1984
- Halobacteroidaceae Zhilina & Rainey 1995
- Order Natranaerobiales Mesbah et al. 2007
- Natranaerobiaceae Mesbah et al. 2007
- Order Thermoanaerobacterales
- Thermoanaerobacteriaceae
- Thermodesulfobiaceae Mori et al. 2004
In uncertain position within the class is Epulopiscium fishelsoni -are a very large, polyploid species of bacteria.
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- ↑ Clostridia, Clostridiales. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: JP Euzéby: Dictionnaire de Bactériologie Vétérinaire. Retrieved March 24, 2010.
- ↑ JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature - Class Clostridia. ( Memento of the original from June 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 24, 2010.
- ↑ Epulopiscium fishelsoni at the NCBI
