Uppsala Cathedral

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Uppsala Cathedral
The cathedral 1770

The Gothic St. Erik Cathedral , also called Eriksdom, in the Swedish city ​​of Uppsala is the tallest church building in Scandinavia at 118.7 meters . The cathedral is both the coronation and burial place of many Swedish kings and the seat of an Evangelical Lutheran archbishop.

The treasures of the church include a gilded shrine from the late 16th century, which houses the relics of Erik the Saint . Today there is a museum with ecclesiastical textiles in the north tower. Stone statues from the 14th century are placed on the southern portal. The best known of the people buried here are King Gustav I Wasa and the naturalist Carl von Linné .

history

inside view

After a fire in the cathedral church of Alt-Uppsala , the Pope gave permission to move the bishopric to its current location. The first plans for the new church building were made as early as 1258.

After the foundation stone was laid in 1260, construction was delayed several times due to wars, disputes over the throne and the collapse of parts of the building. The plague also prevented rapid development for a long time. Four supporting pillars in Uppsala Cathedral are erected on rune stones , the sides of which are turned up. A cross between the kite nooses shows the client's Christian attitude. It can be ruled out that one wanted to symbolically humiliate the stones. The cathedral could not be inaugurated until 1435 under Archbishop Olaus Laurentii .

The cathedral underwent several extensive renovations. For example, both spiers fell down in the devastating city fire of 1702. The architect in charge of the renovation, Carl Hårleman , had baroque domes built . In the 19th century, these domes were replaced by the pointed towers under the direction of Helgo Zettervall , which are still on the cathedral today.

Furnishing

Finstachor

At the end of the 1980s the cathedral received a relic of the hip bone of the holy Birgitta from the Birgittinnen . A modern reliquary was created for this, which is in the Finstachor. The design of the shrine is inspired by the habit of the Order of the Redeemer . The five red drops of blood symbolize the five wounds of Christ . Birgitta's parents and siblings are also buried in the choir. The shrine of Erik the Holy is also located here, which is why the cathedral is also called Eriksdom .

Wasachor

Grave monument for Gustav Wasa in the cathedral

The Wasachor is located at the eastern end of the cathedral and was dedicated to the Virgin Mary in the Middle Ages . Gustav Wasa and his three wives ( Katharina von Sachsen-Lauenburg , Margareta Leijonhufvud and Katharina Stenbock ) are buried in the crypt under the floor . His son Johann III. and his wife Katharina Jagiellonica have graves here. In the center of the choir is a grave monument from 1583, on which various imperial coats of arms and the coats of arms of the Swedish and Finnish landscapes are depicted. These are the oldest known reproductions of these coats of arms.

In the 1830s, Johan Gustaf Sandberg painted seven frescoes on the walls with motifs from Gustav Wasa's life. To the left and right of the grave monument there is a text from Gustav Wasa's farewell speech to the Reichstag on June 16, 1560.

Memorial to Dag Hammarskjöld

The Dag Hammarskjöld memorial is located in the Friedenskapelle in the right aisle of the cathedral. The memorial stone embedded in the floor bears the inscription:

Icke jag
utan gud i mig
Dag Hammarskjöld 1905–1961

("Not me, but God in me")

Organs

According to historical sources, the first organ was built in 1638 . Today the cathedral has three instruments: An organ in the gallery, which was built in 1871 by the organ builder Per Larsson Åkerman. As Åkerman worked for Aristide Cavaillé-Coll for a while, the instrument has some of the registers and features of 19th century French organ building. Despite some restorations and revisions, the French-romantic character was largely retained. The choir organ was built in 1950 by the organ builder Marcussen & Søn .

The largest instrument is on the gallery in the north aisle. It serves in particular as an accompanying instrument for the cathedral choirs. The instrument can be played optionally from two four-manual console tables , one of which is in the nave. The organ has 61  stops (and 6  transmissions ; 4 of these transmissions of the trompette en chamade 8 ′ from the solo work, playable in all other manual works and the pedal work) on four manuals and pedal . The actions are electric.

I choir swell C – g 3
Principal 8th'
Dulciana 8th'
Dumped 8th'
Flûte douce 8th'
Octave 4 ′
Coupling flute 4 ′
Nasard 2 23
Duplicate 2 ′
Tierce 1 35
Fifth 1 13
Mixture IV 1'
Clarinet 8th'
Tremulant
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
Principal 16 ′
Montre 8th'
Principal 8th'
Flûte harmonique 8th'
Octave 4 ′
Forest flute 4 ′
Great Octave 2 ′
Cornet V 8th'
Mixture IV 1 13
Trumpet 16 ′
Trumpet 8th'
Clairon 4 ′
Tremulant
III Swell C – g 3
Bourdon 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Reed flute 8th'
Salicional 8th'
Voix céleste 8th'
Octave 4 ′
Flute 4 ′
Nasard 2 23
Piccolo 2 ′
Tierce 1 35
Mixture V 2 ′
Bombard 16 ′
Trumpets 8th'
oboe 8th'
Clairon 4 ′
Tremulant
IV solo work C – g 3
Concert flute 8th'
Labial Clarinet 8th'
Viole d'orchestre 8th'
Viole celeste 8th'
Octave viole 4 ′
Cor anglais 16 ′
Vox humana 8th'
Tremulant
Trumpeteria
tuba 8th'
Trumpet en chamade 8th'
Pedals C – g 1
Sub bass 32 ′
Principal 16 ′
Open Wood 16 ′
Sub bass 16 ′
Bourdon (from III) 16 ′
Octave 8th'
Flute 8th'
Choral bass 4 ′
Flute 4 ′
Mixture IV 2 23
Trombones 32 ′
Trombones 16 ′
Bombarde (from III) 16 ′
Trumpet 8th'
Clairon 4 ′

Bells

The deepest chime in Sweden consists of five valuable historical church bells . The peal also contains two significant bells: The Storan is the largest bell in Sweden at 7367 kg and 2.23 meters in diameter. The Thornan is the largest medieval bell in Sweden. The bells in her soft percussive materially from our current equal temperament tuning off. Therefore the person responsible for the cathedral specifies the pitch as follows:

No.
 
Surname
 
Percussive
( HT - 1 / 16 )
Casting year
 
inscription
 
1 Storan f 0 (+40) 1708 Kommer här and låter oss Gentlemen Gud prisa, wår salighets comfort, with psalmer and lofwisa.
2 Thornan b 0 (+30) around 1450 Hjälp Gud. Maria instead of oss bi och den kärmen saint Jakob.
3 Malman c sharp 1 (+20) 1708 Huru funny aro dina boningar Herre Zebaoth. Mine själ lengtar och trangar efter Herrans gårdar: min kropp och själ fröjde sig i: lefwandes Gudi.
4th Massan f 1 (−20) 1708 Come later oss tillbedja och knäböja och nederfalla Herranom then oss hafwer gjort.
5 Bonan c 2 (−30) 1708 Kaller menigheterna tillhopa. Församler folket. Helger församlingen.

Individual evidence

  1. More information about the organs of the cathedral church. Retrieved December 3, 2014 . (English)
  2. Lars Angerdal in: Uppsala domkyrka-Katedral genom sekler. Uppsala domkapitel, 1982. p. 172 [Swedish with a summary in English]
  3. Information from Domkyrkoklockare Oscar Hahne, Uppsala on June 14, 2016

Web links

Commons : Uppsala Cathedral  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 59 ° 51 ′ 29 ″  N , 17 ° 37 ′ 58 ″  E