Osman II

Osman II ( November 3, 1604 - May 20, 1622 ), also Genç Osman (Osman the Young), was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1618. He was the son of Ahmed I.

Life

Osman II ascended the throne at the age of 14 as a result of a coup against his uncle Mustafa I. Despite his youth, he soon led a campaign against Poland-Lithuania personally . Badly beaten by the hetman Jan Karol Chodkiewicz at Chotin , he returned to Istanbul in 1621 and saw the reason for the defeat in the inefficiency and lack of discipline of his Janissaries .

Since 1590, the Janissaries had become an independent power factor at the Ottoman court with their own political agenda. Because the state treasury was increasingly unable to pay the wages of the professional soldiers, the Janissaries had rebelled against their officers several times and forced them to be paid.

Tughra Osmans II.

After the defeat at Chotin, Osman II decided to reform the Janissary Corps. He had in mind the raising of a new army, which was to be recruited primarily from his troops in Egypt . Osman II had his departure for Cairo prepared under the pretext of wanting to carry out the pilgrimage to Mecca . However, when the sultan's real plans became known, the Janissaries initiated a palace revolt in 1622. They had Osman II captured and reinstated his predecessor as Sultan Mustafa I. Osman was eventually strangled in the Yedikule Fortress .

Osman II's reign remains remarkable for two reasons. On the one hand, Osman was supposed to be the first and, for the time being, the only sultan who tried to carry out military reform until the Tanzimat era . On the other hand, the putsch of the Janissaries represents a new high point in their pursuit of political power. Before that, the Janissaries had already been used by competing groups at court for various intrigues. The dismissal of Osman, however, was the first case in which the professional soldiers tried to enforce their own interests alone.

literature

Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall : History of the Ottoman Empire . Volume 4: From the accession of Murad the Third to the second dethronement of Mustafa I (1574–1623) . Volume 5: From the entry into government of Murad the Fourth to the appointment of Mohammed Köprili as Grand Vizier (1623–1656) . A total of ten volumes. CA Hartleben's Verlag, Vienna and Pest 1827–1836.
Gabriel Effendi Noradounghian : Recueil d'actes internationaux de l'Empire Ottoman 1300–1789. Volume I. Paris and Neufchâtel 1879.
John Parry Vernon: A history of the Ottoman Empire to 1730: chapters from the "Cambridge history of Islam" and "New Cambridge modern history" . Volumes 1-5. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976.
Ernst Werner, Walter Markov: History of the Turks from the beginning to the present . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1979.
E. Albrecht: Osman II . In: Biographical Lexicon on the History of Southeast Europe . Volume 3. Munich 1979, pp. 365-367.
Ernst Werner: The Birth of a Great Power - The Ottomans. A contribution to the genesis of Turkish feudalism . Hermann Böhlaus successor, Vienna 1985.
Irina Petrosyan: The Janissary corps in the late 16th and early 17th century. The first attempt at military reform in the Ottoman Empire. In: Kemal Çiçek and others (eds.): The Great Ottoman-Turkish Civilization. Volume 3. Yeni Türkiye, 2000, pp. 750-760.
Ferenc Majoros, Bernd Rill: The Ottoman Empire 1300-1922. The story of a great power . Marix Verlag, Wiesbaden 2004.
Max Heidelberger: The Political Role of the Janissaries during the 17th Century. in the light of Mustafa Na'īmā , master's thesis at the Eberhard Karls Universitat Tübingen. Institute for Islamic Studies 2008/09 online

Web links

http://www.tuerkenbeute.de/kun/kun_bio/Osman2_de.php Badisches Landesmuseum, Karlsruhe: Osman II.

Individual evidence

↑ Irina Petrosyan: The Janissary corps in the late 16th and early 17th century. The first attempt at military reform in the Ottoman Empire. In: Kemal Çiçek and others (eds.): The Great Ottoman-Turkish Civilization . Volume 3. Yeni Türkiye, 2000, pp. 750-754.
↑ Irina Petrosyan: The Janissary corps in the late 16th and early 17th century. The first attempt at military reform in the Ottoman Empire. In: Kemal Çiçek and others (eds.): The Great Ottoman-Turkish Civilization . Volume 3. Yeni Türkiye, 2000, p. 757.
↑ Irina Petrosyan: The Janissary corps in the late 16th and early 17th century. The first attempt at military reform in the Ottoman Empire. In: Kemal Çiçek and others (eds.): The Great Ottoman-Turkish Civilization . Volume 3. Yeni Türkiye, 2000, pp. 759f.

predecessor	Office	successor
Mustafa I.	Sultan and Caliph of the Ottoman Empire 1618–1622	Mustafa I.

personal data
SURNAME	Osman II
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
DATE OF BIRTH	November 3, 1604
DATE OF DEATH	May 20, 1622

[1] Irina Petrosyan: The Janissary corps in the late 16th and early 17th century. The first attempt at military reform in the Ottoman Empire. In: Kemal Çiçek and others (eds.): The Great Ottoman-Turkish Civilization . Volume 3. Yeni Türkiye, 2000, pp. 750-754.

[2] Irina Petrosyan: The Janissary corps in the late 16th and early 17th century. The first attempt at military reform in the Ottoman Empire. In: Kemal Çiçek and others (eds.): The Great Ottoman-Turkish Civilization . Volume 3. Yeni Türkiye, 2000, p. 757.

[3] Irina Petrosyan: The Janissary corps in the late 16th and early 17th century. The first attempt at military reform in the Ottoman Empire. In: Kemal Çiçek and others (eds.): The Great Ottoman-Turkish Civilization . Volume 3. Yeni Türkiye, 2000, pp. 759f.