Battle near Nauen
| date | June 17th jul. / June 27, 1675 greg. |
|---|---|
| place | Nauen in Brandenburg |
| output | Brandenburg victory |
| Parties to the conflict | |
|---|---|
| Commander | |
| Troop strength | |
| unknown number of rearguards | unknown number of vanguard |
| losses | |
|
200 dead off Nauen, |
60 dead |
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Northern War (1674–1679)
Rathenow - Nauen - Fehrbellin - Wismar - Wolgast 1675 - Wolgast 1676 - Bornholm - Öland - Peenemünder Schanze - Stettin (1676/77) - Køgebucht - Bergen - Warksow - Rügen (1678) - Stralsund (1678) - Greifswald - Tilsit - Splitter - Telschi - Porta Westfalica
The battle near Nauen, also known as the duel before Nauen , took place on June 17th . / June 27, 1675 greg. near Nauen between Brandenburg-Prussian vanguard troops and Swedish rearguard units during the Swedish-Brandenburg War .
The battle ended with the capture of the city of Nauen by Brandenburg-Prussia. The final military decision in favor of the Brandenburgers was only brought about one day later by the battle of Fehrbellin .
Prehistory of the battle
see main article: Invasion of Sweden 1674/1675
In December 1674 a Swedish army invaded the unprotected Mark Brandenburg from Swedish Pomerania and thus opened the Swedish-Brandenburg War. It was not until June 1675 that the Brandenburg army rushed back home from Franconia , where they fought against the French as part of the Imperial Army ( Dutch War ), to liberate the occupied mark.
The objective of the Swedes under Field Marshal Wrangel was to cross the Elbe from Havelberg in order to then operate on the left bank of the Elbe, unite with Hanoverian troops and advance to Magdeburg . The Swedish field marshal sent an advance detachment under the command of Colonel Wangelin to Rathenow to secure the river lines. The situation suddenly changed when the Brandenburgers managed to recapture this strategically important place at the Battle of Rathenow . It was no longer possible to translate the Swedes, completely surprised by this coup, over the Elbe near Havelberg.
After receiving news of the loss of Rathenow, the Swedish Lieutenant General Wolmar Wrangel changed the direction of the march in order to gain the crossing over the Rhin via Nauen near Fehrbellin. When the elector found out about this, he immediately took up the pursuit.
Battle near Nauen
A 1,200 man strong Brandenburg vanguard under Lieutenant Colonel Sydow had meanwhile partly galloped to Nauen. The lake landscape existing there could only be crossed over a narrow dam . At a point convenient for them, the Swedes holed up with several guns. Nevertheless, the Swedes refrained from resistance when they recognized the large number of opposing riders. So they threw the cannons into the nearby lake and hurriedly continued their retreat. The refugees were pursued by the Brandenburgers to the city limits of Nauen and suffered heavy losses.
Most of the Swedish army had withdrawn behind the city behind a stream. A smaller part of the Swedes (a battalion of musketeers ) occupied the city of Nauen, who received the advancing Brandenburgers with a violent fire from muskets and cannons. Before the reinforcement in the form of guns and other dragoons arrived before the city, managed 200 Brandenburg riders, one from 1000 cuirassiers comprehensive rearguard push back the Swedes. Then the Swedes again gave up the city of Nauen in a rush. In this renewed retreat, the advancing Brandenburgers killed other Swedes.
However, the Brandenburgers could not take the crossing over the stream behind the city. At the end of the transition the Swedes had built a fortification with several guns. Their gunfire forced the Brandenburgers to retreat with losses. In the meantime, the Swedish army was in full order behind the Swedish fortifications. However, a division under Field Marshal Derfflinger managed to restore the bridge, which had been damaged by the bombardment, despite enemy fire and to set up three guns that could destroy the Swedish cannons at the hill. Nevertheless, the position of the enemy was still favorable, so that a direct attack was too risky. In addition, the Brandenburg troops were exhausted by the forced marches. So the order was issued to retreat to the city of Nauen or behind the city and to set up camp there.
Result and effects on the Battle of Fehrbellin
Already on the evening of June 17th jul. / June 27, 1675 greg. both armies had faced each other in close proximity. On the Brandenburg side they expected the opening of the battle at the gates of Nauen the next morning. The Swedes, however, used the night to retreat towards Fehrbellin. The elector left the next day at 5:30 a.m. with his army to pursue the Swedes. The Swedes lost about 200 dead in this battle in and around Nauen.
"My angel, we are braff on the yacht with Messrs. Swedes, they passed over here at Passe Nauen this morning, but had to be left behind by the arrier guarde when 200 people died; on the other side we have abandoned all bridges at Fer-Berlin and occupied all the other passports in such a way that they cannot now leave the country again. "
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Frank Bauer: Fehrbellin 1675 - Brandenburg-Prussia's rise to a great power, Potsdam 1998, page 112
- ^ Frank Bauer: Fehrbellin 1675 - Brandenburg-Prussia's rise to a great power, Potsdam 1998, page 112
- ^ Frank Bauer: Fehrbellin 1675 - Brandenburg-Prussia's rise to a great power, Potsdam 1998, page 110
- ^ Frank Bauer: Fehrbellin 1675 - Brandenburg-Prussia's rise to a great power, Potsdam 1998, page 111
- ^ Theodor Fontane : Walks through the Mark Brandenburg in the Gutenberg-DE project
- Location according to the historical map:
- 1: Nauen, 1912 Nauen - 1901, ed. 1904, corrected in 1912. - 1:50 000. - Berlin, 1912.
- online excerpt: kartenforum.slub-dresden
literature
- Curt Jany: History of the Prussian Army - From the 15th Century to 1914 . Vol. 1, Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1967.
- Alois Straka: Battle of Fehrbellin, June 18, 1675. City Council, Fehrbellin 1987.
- Frank Bauer: Fehrbellin 1675 - Brandenburg-Prussia's rise to a great power . Potsdam 1998, ISBN 3-921655-86-2 .
Coordinates: 52 ° 36 ′ 13 ″ N , 12 ° 51 ′ 30 ″ E