Liberat white

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The blessed Liberate White (born January 4, 1675 in Konnersreuth as Johannes Laurentius Weiß; † March 3, 1716 in Ethiopia , execution by stoning ) was a missionary of the Franciscan order and a Catholic martyr .

Life

education

Johannes Laurentius Weiß received his school education in the Cistercian monastery Waldsassen in the Upper Palatinate and entered the order of the Franciscans on October 13, 1693 at the age of 18. There he received the order name "Liberat". He was ordained a priest on September 14, 1698 , initially worked as a preacher and confessor in Langenlois and Graz , and in 1703 volunteered to take part in a missionary trip to Ethiopia, which was supposed to prepare the planned union of the Ethiopian Church with the Roman Catholic Church .

First mission trip to Ethiopia

After he was recognized as a missionary on April 4, 1704 by the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith in Rome , on January 1, 1705 nine missionaries set out from Jerusalem for Ethiopia under the direction of Father Joseph . They did not reach their destination because they were captured by the Sudanese King Bade and held in custody in Sudan for years . Some of the monks, including Father Joseph, died in Sudan, and the survivors were eventually deported to Egypt by King Bade without their belongings. Liberat Weiß reported to Rome on December 28th that only he and Father Michael Pio were still alive.

Second mission trip and martyrdom in Ethiopia

On April 20, 1711, Father Liberat made a second attempt to get to Ethiopia, this time accompanied by Father Michael Pio Fasoli and Father Samuele Marzorato. They reached the port of Massaua on the Red Sea on April 18, 1712 and traveled on to the Ethiopian capital Gonder .

Political conditions there had changed in the meantime; Emperor Yasos had been replaced by his second successor Justos . The negotiations with Justos were initially quite promising, as the Franciscans were gaining an ever greater reputation. However, there were also opponents who spread rumors about the missionaries and incited the population against them. Emperor Justos therefore sent the Franciscans to the province of Tigre , where he believed they were safe. Thereupon the people's anger turned against the emperor, which led to a revolution and the deposition of the emperor.

The missionaries found themselves exposed to growing suspicion by the Ethiopians and were eventually replaced by the new emperor, David III. , brought to justice. Together with his companions P. Michael Pio Fasoli and P. Samuele Marzorato, Liberat Weiß was sentenced to death on March 2, 1716. The three monks were executed by stoning on March 3, 1716. They had previously rejected an offer from the emperor to join the Ethiopian church.

beatification

The Croatian church historian Bazilije Pandžić (OFM), who was general archivist and annals writer of the Franciscan Order in Rome from 1947 to 1985 , published in 1983 as an expert of the Congregation for Canonization a "Positio" (Latin positiones) on Liberat Weiß, the is a historical-critical edition of the sources of the life and work of Weiß, which should be canonized. Five years later, on 20 November 1988 Father Liberat and his two companions by Pope were John Paul II. In Rome beatified .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bazilije Pandžić (OFM) and P. Ludwig Raber (OFM): Longing for Ethiopia. The bloody missionary history of the Franciscans in East Africa . Mödling 1988 ( Chapter I. Ethiopia - A Land of Dreams, Christianity in Ethiopia, ... ). PDF, made available online at docs.wixstatic.com: pp. 7-14 . Retrieved February 5, 2018.
  2. ^ Bazilije Pandžić (OFM) and P. Ludwig Raber (OFM): Longing for Ethiopia. The bloody missionary history of the Franciscans in East Africa . Mödling 1988 ( Chapter II. The Ethiopian envoy in Rome, The Ethiopian boys, ... ). PDF, made available online at docs.wixstatic.com: pp. 15–21 . Retrieved February 5, 2018.
  3. ^ Bazilije Pandžić (OFM) and P. Ludwig Raber (OFM): Longing for Ethiopia. The bloody missionary history of the Franciscans in East Africa . Mödling 1988 ( Chapter III. Liberat Weiß and Michael Pio von Zerbo on the first missionary trip (1704–1710) ). PDF, made available online at docs.wixstatic.com: pp. 22–50 . Retrieved February 5, 2018.
  4. ↑ a b Bazilije Pandžić (OFM) and P. Ludwig Raber (OFM): desire for Ethiopia. The bloody missionary history of the Franciscans in East Africa . Mödling 1988 ( Chapter V. Liberat Weiß, Michael Pio von Zerbo and Samuel Marzorati on a new trip to Ethiopia ). PDF, made available online at docs.wixstatic.com: pp. 65–79 . Retrieved February 5, 2018.
  5. ^ Bazilije Pandžić (OFM) and P. Ludwig Raber (OFM): Longing for Ethiopia. The bloody missionary history of the Franciscans in East Africa . Mödling 1988 ( Chapter VI. The stay in Gondar, ... ). PDF, made available online at docs.wixstatic.com: pp. 80–97 . Retrieved February 5, 2018.
  6. ↑ a b Bazilije Pandžić (OFM) and P. Ludwig Raber (OFM): desire for Ethiopia. The bloody missionary history of the Franciscans in East Africa . Mödling 1988 ( Chapter VII. Martyrdom, The Departure of the Missionaries to Tigre, ... ). PDF, made available online at docs.wixstatic.com: pp. 98–111 . Retrieved February 5, 2018.
  7. ↑ Pandžić, Bazilije Stjepan . HRVATSKA ENCIKLOPEDIJA, MREŽNO IZDANJE.
  8. ^ Bazilije Pandžić: Sacra Congregatio pro causis sanctorum, Officium historicum, n.108: Viennen. Beatificationis seu declarationis martyrii servi dei LIBERATI WEISS et 2 sociorum OFM in odium fidei, uti fertur, anno 1716 in Aethiopia occisorum Positio super martyrio ex officio concinnata . Rome 1983.
personal data
SURNAME White, Liberat
ALTERNATIVE NAMES White, Johannes Laurentius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Missionary of the Franciscan Order and Catholic Martyr
DATE OF BIRTH 4th January 1675
PLACE OF BIRTH Konnersreuth
DATE OF DEATH March 3, 1716
Place of death Ethiopia