Gonder

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Gonder
ጎንደር
Gonder from the Goha hotel.jpg
State : EthiopiaEthiopia Ethiopia
Region : Flag of the Amhara Region.svg Amhara
Coordinates : 12 ° 36 ′  N , 37 ° 28 ′  E Coordinates: 12 ° 36 ′  N , 37 ° 28 ′  E
Height : 2,133 meters above sea level
Area : 293  km²
 
Residents : 341,991 (2016 (estimate))
Population density : 1,167 inhabitants per km²
Time zone : EAT (UTC + 3)
Gonder (Ethiopia)
Gonder
Gonder

Gonder ( Amharic ጎንደር gondar, also Gondar ) is a city in Ethiopia in the Amhara region . It has around 342,000 inhabitants (2016 estimate). The region is mountainous, the city is at an altitude of 2133 m. In the mountains to the north of it rises a river that has long been considered the source of the Blue Nile . From 1636 to 1855 Gonder was the Ethiopian capital . Founded by Emperor Fasilides , Gonder was the first permanent capital since the times of the ancient cities of Aksum and Lalibela .

There are castles and numerous churches in Gonder. Despite the British bombing during the liberation struggle of 1941, most of Gonder's buildings have been well preserved.

Gonder has a university and Gondar Airport . The Angereb Reservoir was built to the east of the city to provide water .

history

Fasilides' palace

Emperor John IV had helped the British and Egyptians evacuate their garrisons on the Sudanese-Ethiopian border during the Mahdi uprising . As early as 1885, therefore, there had been fights with the Mahdists (supporters of the Mahdi ). In 1887 the Ethiopian governor of Gondar Ras Adar launched an attack on Sudan. The Mahdists then invaded Ethiopia with 100,000 men. At Debra Sina ("Mount Sinai" near Addis Ababa ) there was a battle against 200,000 Ethiopians. The Mahdists were victorious and were able to take and plunder Gonder. Their leader, Kalif Abdallahi ibn Muhammad , rejected the emperor's subsequent offer of peace. John IV then announced that he would pull against Khartoum . In March 1889, the Ethiopians attacked Sudan under the leadership of the emperor, but were defeated in the battle of Gallabat and the emperor fell.

With the Italian defeat in the Battle of Gondar in November 1941, colonial rule over Italian East Africa ended .

Population development

The following overview shows the number of inhabitants according to the respective territorial status.

        year         Residents
1984 80,886
1994 112,249
2007 207.044
2016 341.991

Climate table

Gondar
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
4th
 
27
11
 
 
6th
 
29
13
 
 
16
 
30th
15th
 
 
43
 
29
16
 
 
82
 
27
16
 
 
162
 
25th
14th
 
 
330
 
22nd
14th
 
 
303
 
23
13
 
 
121
 
25th
13
 
 
50
 
26th
12
 
 
23
 
26th
11
 
 
11
 
27
11
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Gondar
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 27.4 28.6 30.3 29.2 27.3 24.5 21.8 22.5 24.6 25.9 26.3 26.5 O 26.2
Min. Temperature (° C) 11.2 12.9 15.0 15.9 15.7 14.4 14.0 13.3 13.1 12.3 11.4 11.1 O 13.4
Precipitation ( mm ) 4th 6th 16 43 82 162 330 303 121 50 23 11 Σ 1,151
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 9.4 8.6 7.4 8.3 7.7 6.1 3.7 4.5 6.8 7.4 8.0 9.0 O 7.2
Rainy days ( d ) 0 1 3 5 11 15th 25th 25th 15th 7th 4th 0 Σ 111
Humidity ( % ) 44 40 39 39 52 69 79 79 72 65 56 48 O 56.9
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
27.4
11.2
28.6
12.9
30.3
15.0
29.2
15.9
27.3
15.7
24.5
14.4
21.8
14.0
22.5
13.3
24.6
13.1
25.9
12.3
26.3
11.4
26.5
11.1
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		4th
6th
16
43
82
162
330
303
121
50
23
11
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: wetterkontor.de

literature

  • LaVerle Berry: Architecture and Kingship: The Significance of Gondar-Style Architecture. In: Northeast African Studies, New Series, Volume 2, No. 3/1995, pp. 7-19.

Web links

Commons : Gondar  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ethiopia: Regions & Cities - Population Statistics in Maps and Tables. Retrieved January 6, 2019 .