Gonder
Gonder ጎንደር |
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State : | Ethiopia | |
Region : | Amhara | |
Coordinates : | 12 ° 36 ′ N , 37 ° 28 ′ E | |
Height : | 2,133 meters above sea level | |
Area : | 293 km² | |
Residents : | 341,991 (2016 (estimate)) | |
Population density : | 1,167 inhabitants per km² | |
Time zone : | EAT (UTC + 3) | |
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Gonder ( Amharic ጎንደር gondar, also Gondar ) is a city in Ethiopia in the Amhara region . It has around 342,000 inhabitants (2016 estimate). The region is mountainous, the city is at an altitude of 2133 m. In the mountains to the north of it rises a river that has long been considered the source of the Blue Nile . From 1636 to 1855 Gonder was the Ethiopian capital . Founded by Emperor Fasilides , Gonder was the first permanent capital since the times of the ancient cities of Aksum and Lalibela .
There are castles and numerous churches in Gonder. Despite the British bombing during the liberation struggle of 1941, most of Gonder's buildings have been well preserved.
Gonder has a university and Gondar Airport . The Angereb Reservoir was built to the east of the city to provide water .
history
Emperor John IV had helped the British and Egyptians evacuate their garrisons on the Sudanese-Ethiopian border during the Mahdi uprising . As early as 1885, therefore, there had been fights with the Mahdists (supporters of the Mahdi ). In 1887 the Ethiopian governor of Gondar Ras Adar launched an attack on Sudan. The Mahdists then invaded Ethiopia with 100,000 men. At Debra Sina ("Mount Sinai" near Addis Ababa ) there was a battle against 200,000 Ethiopians. The Mahdists were victorious and were able to take and plunder Gonder. Their leader, Kalif Abdallahi ibn Muhammad , rejected the emperor's subsequent offer of peace. John IV then announced that he would pull against Khartoum . In March 1889, the Ethiopians attacked Sudan under the leadership of the emperor, but were defeated in the battle of Gallabat and the emperor fell.
With the Italian defeat in the Battle of Gondar in November 1941, colonial rule over Italian East Africa ended .
Population development
The following overview shows the number of inhabitants according to the respective territorial status.
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Climate table
Gondar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Climate diagram | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Gondar
Source: wetterkontor.de
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literature
- LaVerle Berry: Architecture and Kingship: The Significance of Gondar-Style Architecture. In: Northeast African Studies, New Series, Volume 2, No. 3/1995, pp. 7-19.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ethiopia: Regions & Cities - Population Statistics in Maps and Tables. Retrieved January 6, 2019 .