Treaty of Oliva

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Treaty of Oliva

The Treaty of Oliva (also: Friede von Oliva , Pax Oliviensis ) was signed on May 3, 1660 between Emperor Leopold I , Elector Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg , King Karl XI. signed by Sweden (or his guardian) and King John II Casimir of Poland-Lithuania in the Oliva monastery (near the Polish-Prussian Hanseatic city of Danzig ).

Subject of the contract

In this treaty, King John Casimir withdrew his claims to the Swedish crown, which his father Sigismund III. Wasa had lost in 1599. At the same time he recognized the Swedish sovereignty over Livonia and Riga, which had existed since the 1620s, as well as the sovereignty of the Hohenzollern Duchy of Prussia . The agreement canceled the contracts concluded in 1656 ( Königsberg Treaty (1656) , Treaty of Marienburg , Treaty of Labiau ) and confirmed the Treaty of Wehlau, concluded in 1657 .

Mainly through French mediation, the treaty ended the conflicts between Sweden and Poland in the war against Sigismund from 1598 and 1599, in the Swedish-Polish War from 1600 to 1629 and in the Second Northern War from 1655 to 1661. Even if Poland had to give up the part of Livonia occupied by Sweden, peace meant restoring the status quo in the Baltic Sea region . The Peace of Oliva and that have been made in the same year Peace of Copenhagen and the Treaty of Cardis marked the climax of the Swedish superpower position in the early modern period .

Course of development towards the sovereignty of the Duchy of Prussia

The contract was signed in this room.

Trivia

The inscription on the commemorative medal coined on the occasion of the conclusion of the contract reads:

PACIS OLIVIENSIS ANNO MDCLX III MAJI. AD GEDANVM IN PRVSSIA CONCLUSAE MONVMENTVM.

literature

  • F. Hermann Schultz: History of the Peace of Oliva from May 3, 1660 . CF Weiss, Labiau 1860 ( online ); first part published in advance under the title Der Friede zu Oliva in the program of the secondary school at the castle in Königsberg i. Pr. For the year 1860 ( online ).
  • Michael North: The Peace of Oliva (1660) as reflected in contemporary medals . In: Irene Dingel u. a. (Ed.): Theatrum Belli - Theatrum Pacis. Conflicts and conflict settlement in early modern Europe. Festschrift for Heinz Duchhardt on his 75th birthday, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2018 (publications by the Institute for European History Mainz; 124), ISBN 978-3-525-37083-4 , pp. 137–148.

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