Oliva Monastery
| Oliva Monastery | |
|---|---|
 Abbot's Palace of the Oliva Monastery |
|
| location |
Poland Pomeranian Voivodeship |
| Lies in the diocese | Danzig |
| Coordinates: | 54 ° 24 '38 " N , 18 ° 33' 31.9" E |
| Serial number according to Janauschek |
478 |
| founding year | 1185/1186 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1831 |
| Year of repopulation | 1945 |
| Mother monastery | Kolbatz Monastery |
| Primary Abbey | Clairvaux Monastery |
| Congregation | Polish Congregation |
The Monastery Oliva (Polish Opactwo Cystersów w Oliwie ) is a monastery of the Cistercian order , which in the formerly independent city Oliva (since 1926 the district of Danzig , now Gdansk ) is located. It existed from 1185/1186 until its secularization in 1831 and was repopulated in 1945 by the Szczyrzyc Monastery .
history
The monastery was founded in 1185 or 1186 by Duke Sobiesław I of Pommerellen with monks from the Kolbatz monastery near Stettin , which was itself a subsidiary of the Danish Esrom . From 1215 to 1245 it was the seat of the mission bishop for Prussia . This Cistercian monk Christian was previously Abbot of Łękno (daughter monastery of Altenberg Abbey in the Rhineland) and is now called Christian of Łękno, Christian of Oliva or Christian of Prussia after the places where he worked .
The abbey was later destroyed several times: in 1224 by the pagan Pruzzen , in 1433 by the Hussites and in 1577 by the Danzigers .
All places that Oliva owned in 1220 were obliged to serve as a castle to Danzig. He owned the part of Weichselmünde in which the Danzig harbor developed from the second half of the 18th century . Zuckau belonged to the monastery as well as five villages on the Oxhöfter Kämpe : Saspe , Glettkau , Sopot , Koliebken and Rahmel . In the centuries after its founding, the monastery was able to expand its holdings considerably thanks to numerous foundations and donations.
The monastery played an important role in the enforcement of the amber shelf from 1342 , when the Teutonic Order gave it the right to collect amber . From then on, the Oliva Monastery supervised the gathering activity of the population.
The essentially Romanesque monastery church, today the Archbishop's Church, was built in the early 13th century and redesigned in the 17th century first in the Renaissance and then in the Baroque style.
When western Prussia came under the patronage of the King of Poland-Lithuania , the monks of the Oliva monastery soon had to resist Polish attempts to take over. They therefore asked papal help, and in 1487 they were exempted from any connection with the Polish clergy.
On May 3, 1660, the Peace of Oliva ended the Swedish-Polish War from 1655 to 1660 .
1754-1756 was commissioned by the abbot Jacek Rybiński the Abbot's Palace built.
As part of the first partition of Poland-Lithuania , which was accompanied by the reunification of western parts of Prussia with the eastern part, the Oliva monastery came to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1772 as part of the newly formed province of West Prussia .
After secularization in 1831, the monastery church became a parish church. This was followed by the demolition or restoration of the monastery buildings, which were in dire need of repair. A small town had developed next to the monastery.
The Treaty of Versailles declared Danzig with a surrounding area of about 2000 km² including several places with effect from January 10, 1920 as a free city . Ecclesiastically (Catholic) the land on the left of the Vistula belonged to the now Polish diocese of Kulm , the land to the right of the Vistula, between the Vistula and Nogat , to the diocese of Warmia , which had remained with East Prussia . The number of Catholics in the Free City area was 119,470, 32% of the total population. Because of the increasing political tensions, it became clear that the church had to be reorganized. Since the population was 95% German (as the elections for the People's Day proved), it was felt to be unfortunate that the majority of the area of the Free City was under ecclesiastical respect to the now Polish diocese of Kulm. Pope Pius XI regulated the jurisdiction by a decree of April 22, 1922 so that the area of the Free City was separated from the dioceses of Kulm and Ermland and made an apostolic administration . The previous Bishop of Riga , Count Eduard O'Rourke , was appointed Apostolic Administrator . Through the bull “Universa Christifidelium cura” (“In our care that embraces all Christians”) of December 30, 1925, Pope Pius XI. the previous Apostolic Administration to an exemte (that is: Rome directly subordinate) diocese. In a letter dated January 3, 1926, the Pope named Edward Count O'Rourke as the first bishop of Danzig. Oliva was designated a bishopric. The parish church of Oliva , the old Cistercian church, was designated by the Pope as the cathedral church of the Archdiocese of Danzig .
The village of Oliva was incorporated into the city of Gdansk in 1926.
In 1945 the monastery was repopulated by the Szczyrzyc Monastery.
After 1964, the borders of the Diocese of Danzig were adapted to the new pastoral requirements and its area was extended far into the surrounding area. In 1992 Danzig became an archdiocese with the suffragans Pelplin and Thorn .
Music manuscripts
With the help of the Foundation for German-Polish Cooperation, valuable music manuscripts have been published from the monastery library since around 1997: they are works by Italian composers such as Andrea Gabrieli and Giovanni Gabrieli , Costanzo Antegnati, plus Hans Leo Haßler and Valentin Haussmann from Nuremberg, along with anonymous masters.
One part consists of organ tablatures for use in church services.
The other part contains secular dance styles, consistently referred to as chorea.
A "Fugue in g" by an anonymous master from the pieces that are more liturgical:
An anonymous way of dancing, Chorea No. 32:
photos
Oliva Monastery (Postage Stamp of the Free City of Gdansk, 1938)
Oliva Monastery
Monastery at night
Oliva monastery with garden
Nautilus Cup by Abbot Aleksander Kęsowski, 1643–1667
See also
Chronicles and older sources
- Manuscript: Annalium Primae Monastrii BM De Oliva Fundationis , 1611 ( urn : nbn: de: gbv: 9-g-4879129 ) - digitized in the digital library Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- Heinrich Friedrich Jacobson : Contribution to the history of the Prussian monasteries - the monastic monastery Oliva. In: Leopold von Ledebur (Hrsg.): New general archive for the history of the Prussian state . Volume 2. Berlin, Posen and Bromberg 1836, pp. 193–259 ( full text ) and pp. 290–386 ( full text )
- Johann Karl Kretzschmer : History and description of the monasteries in Pommerellen . Volume 1: The Cistercian Abbey Oliva , Danzig 1847 ( full text ).
- Theodor Hirsch : The Oliva Monastery - A contribution to the history of West Prussian engineering structures. Danzig 1850 ( full text ).
- Max Toeppen : History of Prussian Historiography by P. v. Dusburg except for K. Schütz. Berlin 1853, p. 18 ff. And ( full text ).
- Max Perlbach : The older chronicle of Oliva . Göttingen 1871 ( full text )
- Max Perlbach : About the results of the Lviv manuscript for the older chronicle of Oliva . In: New Prussian Provincial Papers . Fourth episode, volume 9, Königsberg i. Pr. 1872, pp. 18-40.
literature
- Zygmunt Iwicki : Oliva. Guide to the cathedral and the former monastery. Laumann, Dülmen 1994.
- Heinz Lingenberg : The beginnings of the Oliva monastery and the development of the German city of Danzig. Klett, Stuttgart 1982.
- Richard Stachnik: The Catholic Church in Danzig. Münster (Westphalia) 1959.
- Marek Biernacki (ed.): Bogusław Świtała (photo), Dariusz Aleksander Dekański, Alicja Słyszewska (foreword): Cystersi na Pomorzu Wschodnim. Wśród ciszy modlitwy i przestrzeni sztuki / Cistercians in East Pomerania. Between silence and art space / The Cistercian Order in Eastern Pomerania. Immersing in the silent prayer and art (translations by Beata Łapanowska, Izabela Taraszczuk, Marek Kuczyński, Katarzyna Zimnicka). Ząbki: Apostolicum 2005, ISBN 83-7031-513-5 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.szlakcysterski.org/?pokaz=obiekty_cysterskie&id=55&zmien_jezyk=de
- ^ Max Toeppen : Historisch-comparative geography of Prussia. Gotha 1858, p.44 .
- ^ New general archive for the history of the Prussian state. Edited by Leopold von Ledebur . Volume 2. Berlin, Posen and Bromberg 1836, p. 193 ff.
- ^ State Archives Danzig - Guide to the holdings up to 1945 (Czeław Biernat et al., Ed.), Oldenbourg, Munich 2000, p. 248 .
- ↑ Gisela Reineking von Bock: Bernstein - The gold of the Baltic Sea. Callwey, Munich 1981, ISBN 3-7667-0557-1 .
- ↑ Oliva Monastery exempt from any connection with the Polish clergy
- ↑ Marcin Latka. Abbot Kęsowski's cup. artinpl, accessed on July 25, 2019 .